IKEA and India Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

IKEA and India - Assignment ExampleDuring 1960s-1970s, it became the prominent piece of furniture manufacturer in Sweden. In the 1980s, IKEA expands dramatically into new commercializes such as USA, Italy, France and the UK (Ikea, 2012). At present, Ikea has operations in more than 40 countries in the world. However, it has no business units in India at present even though India is single of the most rapidly developing economies in the world. Many people believe that India may sustain a super major supply both in terms of economic growth as well as military power in near future itself. Moreover, it is often said that global wealth is before long shifting from less heavily populated American and European continents to the more heavily populated Asian continent because of the rapid growth witnessing in India and China analogous countries. Prominent international companies are soon competing each other(a) in establishing business units in India like emerging markets. Under such circumstances, it is awkward for Ikea like MNCs to avoid India completely while formulating their international business strategies. This paper analyses the merits and demerits of India as a market for Ikeas international business operations. Analysis and justification of Indian market Porters Five forces Model Michael Porter has identified tailfin competitive forces which may affect the competitive power of an organization. They are terror of substitute products, Threat of new entrants, Intense rivalry among existing players, Bargaining power of suppliers and Bargaining power of Buyers (Porters Five Forces Model, 2009). The figure given below illustrates Porters five dollar bill forces theory. (Porters Five Forces Model, 2009) Threat from new entrants is the first force in Porters five forces model. Microeconomics teaches that put onable industries attract new competition until the downward pressure on prices has squeezed all the economic profit from the firms. New firms in a n industry put downward pressure on prices, upward pressure on costs and an increased necessity for capital expenditures in order to compete (Porters Five Forces- Threat of New Entrants, 2012). Furniture market in India is not much competitive because of the absence of prominent companies. In fact furniture manufacturing is a small scale industry in India and hence MNCs like Ikea can easily overcome the resistance of small scale furniture manufacturers in India. In other words, Indian furniture industry is highly fragmented and Ikea can exploit such situation to their favor. less(prenominal) threat from new entrants or competitors will help Ikea to increase their profits in Indian market. competitive rivalry will be high if thither is little differentiation surrounded by the products sold between customers (For Marketing Learners Globally, n. d). As mentioned earlier, Nokia may not face much competition in Indian market because of the absence of any furniture manufacturing MNCs in Indian market. Small scale furniture manufacturers in India may not have the financial capabilities to compete with Ikea like big companies. Supplier power exists when there are only few suppliers. It also exists when the switching cost becomes more for the organization to move from one supplier to another (For Marketing Learners Globally, n.d). Availability of wood for manufacturing furniture is different at different locations in India. For example, Indias southernmost states such as Kerala have immense forest resources whereas North India has

Introduction To Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Introduction To Management - experiment ExampleAs of now this market is mainly dominated by two players, Coca-Cola and Pepsi. The rising popularity of nuts drinks has contributed immensely towards the growth and prosperity of Europe and America. Today the soft-drink industry employs more than 110,000 Americans with a payroll of more than $5 billion payroll dollars. Historically Coca-Cola has dominated the industry. Until 1950 Pepsi raised hardly a flicker of recognition. entirely now Pepsi has become a force to reckon with. Let us underline the present stackPolitical Factors During the Second World War Pepsi and Coke both enjoyed increased sales as they followed the pin tumbler around the world. However, after the war ended, and incomes improved, Pepsis sales figures started decreasing. Things improved for Pepsi mainly when after Mr. Alfred N. Steele took over the Presidency. Mr. Steele could bring in this turnaround mainly in two phases. The first phase lasted from 1950 to 195 5. In this phase all out(p) efforts were made to overcome the shortcomings of Pepsi. During the second phase, lasting from 1955 to 1960 Pepsi started direct offensive against Coca-Cola. That was the time when Coca-Cola started accepting the formidable strawman of Pepsi and responding to its overtures as well. The present political conditions in US and Europe are more or little stable, with the respective governments not taking sides. Both Pepsi and coca-cola have been contributing in good measure towards the political campaigns of diverse political parties and the governments. One factor which has certainly come to the advantage of coca-cola is the FIFA world cup 2006 in Germany, a formidable part of European market. Euro is now the currency of twelve European Union countries, stretch from the Mediterranean to the Arctic Circle (namely Belgium, Germany, Greece, Spain, France, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Austria, Portugal and Finland). Euro came into existence on 1st January 1999 when eleven (later twelve) EU countries established the rebirth rates between their respective national currencies and Euro with formal circulation of bank notes and coins from 1st January 2002. Coca-Cola being the official coadjutor of World cup soccer under these changed circumstances, not only brought it closer to the respective establishment, but having a borderless big area where people could move freely to see the football matches the frenzy generated has indeed helped coca-cola by leaps and bounds. Pepsi too appear to have recognized the trend and is focusing mainly on the markets of developing countries for now. economic Factors While analyzing the markets the economic factors that need to be taken care of areCurrent and project economic growth, inflation and interest ratesLabor supply, labor costs and unemploymentLevels of disposable income and income distributionStage of backup cycleImpact of globalizationMarketers need to consider the state of a tradi ng economy in the short and long-terms. This is especially true when planning for international marketing. The soft drink industry is more than smooth refreshment and jobs and dollars. It is an industry that strongly believes in preserving the ideals and principles that helped it

Shangri La Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Shangri La Case Study - Essay ExampleHowever, he should make positive(predicate) that the firm will get predictable benefits from the enlist add-on in the long run. Bridl must ask that Shangri-La has certain competitive advantages over its rivalries in the Chinese market. Unlike the tender entrants, Shangri-La has already gained customer loyalty and reputation in the Chinese hospitality industry. The new entrants have to overcome a lot of barriers to ensure their position in the market, and their survival is uncertain. If Shangri-La initiates a sudden and huge increase in wage in response to the competitors employee-poaching, it will affect the firm in several ways. For instance, if the new competitors do non thrive in the market and retire instead, Shangri-La may not be able to bring wages back to lower levels. Also, since Shangri-La involves a vast chain of hotels and resorts across China, the firm ratnot afford huge wage increase. In the same way, increasing or decreasing staffing levels argon also not advisable for a few reasons. As the case indicates, since Chinese employees are not good at exercising decision making authority, reducing staffing levels will affect their productivity. ... As Rizwan et al (2011) point out, enhancing employee participation can greatly influence employee behaviour and thereby the overall performance of the telephoner. Obviously, wage increase itself cannot guarantee employee retention. Therefore, Bridl can propose an employment bond which the employee will sign agreeing to reach for the attach to for a certain length of time in exchange for employment related training the company offers him. Another strategy is that like its rivals, Shangri-La can also give priority to experienced manpower from other firms during its recruitment processes. It is advisable for Shangri-La to promote outstanding performers to a trainer level so that they will feel that they are the integral part of the organisation. Job commitment and satisfaction are the blusher factors contributing to the overall organisational productivity (Lumley et al. 2011). The level of participation required to produce the feeling of ownership may vary from industry to industry. When an employee gets the feeling of ownership, s/he would be very cautious in his work and try to minimise material wastage and thereby costs (ibid). As mentioned above, wage increase should take lay out gradually along with other motivational strategies. The firm should also focus on intrinsic rewards to come across non-money motive employees. In addition to promotion, tactics like higher level training, tours, family get together etc can be applied. It is important consider the feedback of the tenured employees before implementing changes. Since Chinese employees are accustomed to traditional work environment, they may be resistant to change. Therefore, Bridl has to ensure that objectives are effectively communicated until the employees

Disclosing Illness in Children Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Disclosing Illness in Children - Essay ExampleNo challenges and obstacles should be oppressing our squirtren. These claims argon often provided by loving and caring parents. Very often they hide the truth from their children. In the context of medicine, estimable concerns are one of the most important. in that respectfore, when parents want to keep their children from jockeying truth about(predicate) their diagnoses, they are following such(prenominal) tendencies as fear to reduce childs desire to live avoid depression in their child, avoid social oppression or rejection etc (Hendrick, 2004). On the a nonher(prenominal) hand, they are only complicating the situations, because children may be informed by third parties and then the pressure on them will be even to a greater extent intense. There is a assume to inform a child about the malady within family and give voice complaint coping strategies for sure (Leathard, McLaren, 2007). In case children know their diagnosis, it will be easier for them to have higher(prenominal) self-esteem and to cause lower depression levels among their parents. In the case scenario, a child does not know about her diagnosis hepatitis B. Her liver is being gradually destroyed and her mother wants to keep her uninformed about her status. On the other hand, it is better to inform the girl, because in such a way the danger of illness is potencyly hazardous for her sexual partners for sure (Butts, 2008). Social implications of hiding the true diagnosis from a child may result in ruined friendship or damaged social contacts, distancing of family subdivisions and many other unpleasant things. It is better to inform the child about her diagnosis by family members at once. Of course, it is relevant to put forward into account childs age and to find the best convenient time and ways of a childs informing. There is a need to widen horizon of the neighbors or relatives about the illness in order not to keep them in fear. For exam ple, the way HBV is transmitted is often unknown for people. each(prenominal) physicians of a child and family, few friends and family members should be informed about a childs diagnosis for sure (Dowrick and Frith, 1999). Of course, there is a chance that these people would remain aside this problem or would not understand your family, but it is better not to hide the truth for sure, but fight for a all-embracing attitude to a child. There is a need for support from family members or friends. At this stage it is desired to provide these people with relevant information about the disease (Reamer, 2005). Proper and on-time informing is worth circumstance at different stages of diagnosis disclosure. Not only children should be prepared for this process, but all family member and the closest friends in order to support them. When child is at high school, she will be open to decide whether inform or not inform her friends about her diagnosis (Waz, 2010). Discussion and integration of the ethical principles and theories Treatment providers, the members of the family with HBV should follow ethics code. The highest standards of care should be developed in terms of ethics code. There is no need to choose between right or wrong decisions.There is a need to balance ethical concerns of family members, teachers and medical staff in every particular case. Thus, it should be noted that professionals in medical sphere would always act in the interests of their client. For example, in this scenario they are worried about potential health hazards to her surrounding people and friends. Her mother is keeping secrets from

Unit2 Chinese literature paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Unit2 Chinese literature paper - Essay ExampleIt is important to remember however that much(prenominal) kings were as often created by poets and philosophers (like Confucius) as examples. Whether they were actually wise or not is difficult to determine. It was in their interest to appear to be so.One of the reasons this idea of the Sage King became more popular as China transitioned into a feudal period was not only because it introduced an element of accountability into questions of railership only because it focused on virtue. Leaders were to be good and rule for the good of the people, not to treat the untaught as their personal territory or the people as their own vassals. But virtue, as Duke of eats writes, is not enough The mandate of heaven is not easily preserved . . .2 The key is to respect your ancestors and lead in the steering they have done too. This speaks to an inherent stability and conservativism in Chinese governance at the time. Leaders at the time were tryi ng to establish and confirm a new way of doing politics at the time, they were trying to introduce new ideas. Instead of basing their principles on radicalism and revolution, they did their best to appeal to the past. This almost certainly made it easier for them to appeal to ordinary people for their success. Part of the message sent out by sage kings was not more complicated than respect your parents. Most people can get bunghole a message like this.It is hard to say much more about sage kings without seed to Confucius. This was a great philosopher who thought people who were honest and virtuous should be chosen to guide the multitude. He also believed that a leader must first govern himself, before he would be equal to govern other people. Confucius appeared to have a great deal of respect for the Duke of Zhou and for much of the philosophical ideas about leadership mentioned above. Much of his thinking can also be attributed to the disunity undergoing this later period of Ch inese historyhe

Marketing strategies analysis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Marketing strategies analysis - Case Study Examplepatronage this factor, it is also imperative to know that the company has retained and even accumulated a high depend of customers that have remained loyal and this is owing to the appropriate customer service they get from the company and the long service that they get from these commodities.There are many existing opportunities for disruptive creation in this particular grocery store and Apex has really integrated them and thus come out as strengths.. All these developments receive judgement and are recognized as milestones in the contemporary technology environment. It is important to understand that coming up with a new technological marketing device in the company, such as a watch, where it is flat connected to the phone, the operator can directly hear the conversation between the seller, and the buyer has it leading in its industry. The connection is in a manner that the user does not require to get into the pocket to enun ciate with the head office regarding the pricing but rather just presses some buttons on the device and duologue freely is a bold move that can revolutionize the technology world. This one disruptive innovation will work effectively in the contemporary world. Another strength is regarding the fact that the company has take in many loyal customers over the years and thus it is difficult for other companies to attract them.Competitors are precise critical in any business. In order to understand the weaknesses presented by the company, it is important to put oneself as one of the competitors and show the various ways the competitor can beat Apex due to its weakness. If tasked with the agency of bringing up a rival company, an effective strategy would ensure that the strategy was quite opposite from that adopted by Apex Foods. As opposed to Apex Foodss strategy of marketing commodities to high-end customers only, the commodities produced would be of high

Carrer management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Carrer management - Essay ExampleWith my psychometric result, I have further explored that ESFJs also have the quality to take good c atomic number 18 of things that are in their custody (Butt 2009). They are slight protectors and can gain remarkable achievements in education and medical field. Functional analysis of ESFJs shows that they have extraversive feelings and they are talented enough to adapt to new environments quickly, most specifically they have command over e-world gadgets and systems (Cazenovia 2012). In addition, they can easily express a variety of feelings in front of others and mostly they are motivated or de-motivated with others response towards their thoughts and actions. Further, it has been noticed that ESFJ are usually career oriented people and they do have passion to do something remarkable in the aspect of academic or professional ground. Additionally, they search interesting as well as satisfying careers and to do this they work with deep concentrati on and suppose to attempt all processes in a thoughtful manner. Competitive partner or environment whole kit and caboodle as a catalyst for them because they always possess passion to defeat all their enemies and competitors and in station to achieve this purpose they can do anything, which is possible and accessible.Personal swot analysis illustrates my aptitudes, followed by my weaknesses, therefore opportunities, which will assist me during my journey towards goals and the threats that might be a barrier in the path towards my objective.My biggest strength is that I am a business enterprise management undergraduate student at PSB institute and I am only a few steps away from my completing my degree. I know it is my superior strength and it will help me in the near future to take initiative in the business world (Psni 2012). I am very passionate about my career and I am surefooted that my talent, skills, and willingness to achieve my

Robert Wright's The Moral Animal--polygyny Essay

Robert Wrights The Moral Animal--polygyny - earth-closetvass ExampleThis difference doesnt make any sex better than the other. Rather, this difference is necessary for creating tie in gender for others.Robert defines the woman to be the sex that makes great contribution towards the sex cell. Owing to having the bigger sex cell, it is more precious in the regard of resources, and hence difficult to find also. Women have the cleverness of nurturing the reproductive cells within them for 20 times while men have far greater readiness to initiate the reproduction in women. The reproductive capability of the females is very small that makes the males to compete very untold for it. As males can reproduce with one sperm per woman, they will be eager to get attracted to more females.Due to eagerness of men towards their sexual desires, they tend to marry more than one woman that sets the bag for Polygyny. Men are always on the lookout for infertile cells that are more attractive. Aft er quondam(prenominal) from marriage, they start looking for another woman because their first wife is not attractive in her physiological shape anymore.The psychology of females is entirely different. They want the effective meeting with men to produce the valuable genes that can result in offspring. They are not eager for number but for effectiveness rather. Women seek federation with those males who have greater capability to help them in nurturing the offspring. As a result, you can easily correlated the choice of women to the status of men. Thus the desire for women is to seek the mate that can provide security and greater nurturing to the offspring.According to the Robert Wright, the genetic combination should be decided intelligently after properly analyzing the genetic surroundings and the status of males. After that, the partners have to choose suitable strategy for their reproduction. What females are interested in is mannish Parental Investment (MPI). The more the v alue of MPI, the securer the woman will feel

Social Networking Sites and its Effect on Friending Research Paper

Social Networking Sites and its Effect on Friending - Research Paper voiceIt is also a source of emotional support especi bothy during the events of emotional trials. Friends are also the concourse needed in times of problems aside from parents and relatives. However, due to the evolution of social media in making friends, the exposition of friends has changed and a assorted meaning had been acquired. Social network sites (SNSs) have many advantages to on line users. For pipeline application or work related issues you can use Likedin.com. When batch are looking for people with common interest certain social networks much(prenominal) as Myspace.com comes to mind. People who are looking for realistic partner or wanted to start a relationship can log-in to Friendster.com. For college students for example, social sites such as Facebook.com are used to connect to peers or share school lessons and activities and can also be used to answer queries (Ellison et al., 1143). Social ne twork sites (SNSs) provide an easier approach to assorted reasons, a cheaper version where a good internet connection and a device or a gadget i.e. personal computer, laptop, active phone, tablet or a notebook are needed. One can gain access to all of these sites wherever and in anytime of the day. A person can also log in on the divergent sites all at once and multi-task. It provides countless unimaginable opportunities to users such as finding long mixed-up friends and childhood friends who had not been seen in years. Other scenarios are finding the right partner, finding a violate job and so on. It makes the process of making friends easier and faster by sending a request and judge it just by clicking the accept button. It is a no fuss activity and one can have it away more about the person connected with by visiting his page and reading its contents such as recent activities, likes, dislikes, pictures posted aside from personal information. It also provides a wider range of network consisting of different people with different degree of physical interaction in ones day to day life. Facebook which is established in 2004 in Harvard University and made 200 users worldwide as of 2009 has provide a substantive link with users high school friends that they left behind due to studying college in other places (Lewis J., westward A. 1148). It also provided information on the up to date information of the makers and their friends lives. In every new applied science discovered, there are always few drawbacks that arise and one of them is giving the word friends a different meaning and context. It also provides a new range or levels of friends when it comes to social network sites. One of the drawbacks of use these media is that they provide new sense to the word friendship with other people. They provide less interaction with them and a shallow definition of it. According to Allan (1989) as cited by Lewis & West (2009) in real life, there are different sor ts of friends those who are close and those are merely acquaintances. Always acquaintances are grater in number in your friends list than your close friends. These acquaintances are people one bump into everyday without having a conversation with all(prenominal) other, a classmate in one of your classes, a group mate in a understand and anyone else where a person does not have a significant interaction and does not provide a sense of commitment and emotional support. Boyd (2006) as cited by Lewis & West (2009 1211), assessment of this relationship has no pitch as well as what

Music in People's Life Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Music in Peoples Life - analyze ExampleVTI Ltd is generally into melody that focuses on the active followers of medicinal drug who normally make purchases of medicament records. Ironically, the fact that a person is an active follower of unison does not guarantee that the person go forth be dogmatised to whatever a music company presents it with (Armenakis, Harris, & Mossholder, 2003). Mostly, these music consumers want dynamism and diversity in the way their businesses deal with it. It is for this reason that the all new form of music record trading, which is the online sale of music has become graspd by most lovers of music. at that place is no denying the fact that online sales make access to music easier and less expensive. There is also a lot of fun when it comes to how interactive and interesting the act of devising purchases online can be. Due to this situation, a lot more consumers of music would be more comfortable doing business with companies that guarantee them t hese variables of services. The need for miscellanea at VTI Ltd. Change is not something that a lot of people embrace easily in organizational management and set up. This is because in most cases, people feel rattling comfortable with the systems they earn been associated with and with feel that trying their hands on new ideas, programmes and systems would bring about an consummate change in the transcriptional culture, which would in turn affect the way business is conducted within the organisation (Osborne & Brown, 2005). hardly as much as it is unbowed that changes in rudimentary policies, programmes and systems could lead to changes in organisational culture, it is also true to argue that changes atomic number 18 generally needed when there is the need for a pragmatic reformation aimed at growth and development (Grundy, 1993). In the current case of VTI Ltd, the only justification for change is that revenues are go and the company has not made any profits in the past f our years. Clearly, any organisation that becomes plagued with such a situation must first look out for a course of change to ensure that wrongs are corrected and the direction and focus of the organisation is placed in line with take up trend on the market (Hirschhorn, 2000). There is also the need for change because customers have changed their consumer behaviour towards the company. however again, OToole (2005) notes that when consumer behaviour changes towards an organisation, its revenues may either go up or down. But in this case, revenues are going down. Causes of change at VTI Ltd. There could be two major paradigms of causes of change for VTI Ltd, which are infixed and outside(a). Largely though, it can be said that the internal changes are quiet dependent on the external changes. This is said because it is realised from the case that the major cause of change is changes in consumer behaviour, which is quite an external phenomenon (Batt, 2002). There is also an external cause of competition, whereby the company is seen not to be proactively surviving the competition it is reaching from key competitors. In a situation where there is lack of competition, revenues will fall because competitors win over the unattached customers of a company (Baum & Rowley, 2005). Even more, changes in business orientation, which is also an external factor, could be counted as creation responsible for the change. By this, reference is being made to how the music sales industry has adopted itself to a more technology based way of doing business, where electronic commerce has become the order of the day. Generally, these external factors have led up to internal causes such as organisational conflicts and struggle, which is seen between management and employees, and lack of employee satisfaction, arising from

American Globalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

American Globalism - examine ExampleHe hoped to rescue the introduction by ending First World War. Although he failed, the quiescence he brokered lasted for a significant two decades. However, today American politicians rationalize military intervention development the very arguments Wilson used to convince America and the rest of the world about the need for peace, economic constancy and development. This marked the end of Americas isolation. Through his well-calculated political moves, he transformed America and do it the center of Europes politics. After state of wards, the continent of Europe largely depended more or less on American policy. For his efforts to foster world peace, Wilson was awarded Nobel Peace Prize. At the time, Europe was the epicenter of the world (The Peacemakers 042).In its wake, World War 1 claimed millions of lives and saw the devastation of the world economy. The warring parties ceded no ground for dialog. It took the unmitigated efforts of Wilson to bring the stalemate to an end. Thus, America intervened to ending World War One. He was able to convince the US Senate, arguing that it was the duty of America to aid structure for lasting peace. He asserted that the goal of the war was to establish a community power as opposed to a power balance. Achieving an organized parkland peace as opposed to organized rivalry was paramount in a new world order. This argument was critical in ending the war in Europe. Thus, the America foreign policy was changed. In the movie, The Great War let out, they maintained that Americas involvement in the war would help in the establishing world peace and stabilize the social and economy social relations (The Great War Collapse 039-42).Conversely, the realists believed that Americas significant task was to balance the welfare of various countries to achieve a stable equilibrium. The idealists believed in the dreams of

Manufacturing Technologies - Assignment 2 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Manufacturing Technologies - 2 - Assignment ExampleThe late1980s was marked with intense marketing of a cast magnesium frame (Anon, 1987 and Anon, 1988). Despite the fact about the difficulties regarding the proof of the long term conquest as a product, this however had quite little to do with the functional design and method of shape of the frame (Anon, 1987 235-236). Today, there is many more research universe conducted in this production field which finally aims at improving the existing models and bring into market more sufficient models that are of high quality. decisive aspects in the processes of manufacturing sequence for a cycle frame Bicycle manufacturing involves a series of process which puke be classified in to primary stage and junior-grade stage. The primary stage safe finally involves the hardware part of manufacturing with the important aim being the creation of the structure of the wheel while the secondary part can also be looked upon has the finishing st age of manufacturing a wheel around which involves the painting of the roll among other small things that are done to a roulette wheel before it is ready to be apply (Springfield Bicycle Manufacturing Co. (Boston, Mass.), 1888). The process of manufacturing a bicycles frame involves a sequence of processes. There are two main sequence processes that are followed in the manufacturing of the frame namely, the form technique and the forming-joining technique. The casting technique is an innovation of British bicycle and was designed by Frank Kirk. It is designed using computer. The casting technique used a magnesium metallic element which was more efficient and advantageous as compares to steel-tubed diamond bicycle frame. Magnesium alloy casting proved to e twice as rigid as steel-tubed bicycle frame, it was more aerodynamic, cheaper to get to (Linda, C, and Ernest, 1996). It is also lighter and cheaper to garden truck in the long run. Another advantage of the casting technique was that it produce a bicycle frame which could not flex, it did not produce energy that was expended to produce propel the railroad car and it was made to be high stiff by running the down to tube along the axis of rotation from the head tube to the rear axle. Casting production method was an improvement seen it facilitated the production of equal frames with identical performance that were more durable (Springfield Bicycle Manufacturing Co. (Boston, Mass.), 1888). Casting production of the bicycle frame proved to be more sufficient in terms of its function despite its low cost. Another advantage of the casting of a bicycle frame was that the frame had special inserts which allowed the insertion of all components parts of a bicycle such as the brakes and it was also composed of a carbon fiber hanger which enabled the mechanism to be swurfg clear so that the wheel can removed and replaced more easily and fast (Yu-Shan, Ming-Ji, Lin, and Chang, 2009 207-217) The production of bicy cle frame was boosted by development of the a large pressure die-casting machine which produces large amount of bicycle frame over a short period of time with the production of one frame being estimated to take one minute and annual production being 200000 frames. The process of making a bicycle frame is very complex. It involves joining tubes together by brazed lugs where more lugs are built in rules of order to

THEMES IN U.S. & WORLD HISTORY Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

THEMES IN U.S. & WORLD HISTORY - Essay ExampleB. Justify your choice of the one most substantial environmental/geographic factor that contributed to the development or diffusion of one human society from the following identify Prosperity of the Mesopotamian society was predetermined by the fertile soil and developed system of irrigation that in change form entirelyowed keeping the large number of cattle. These were the crucial factors for the prosperity of the civilization, as well as the presence of the well-fixed climate. Mesopotamian and Egyptian civilizations differed in many ways, yet both of them were dependent on the river systems. However, Egyptians mainly populated the Nile River valley, darn Mesopotamians settled all across the Middle East. C. Justify your choice of the two most significant amicable and/or political changes that occurred as a result of the actions of one individual from the following angle of dip of cosmea leaders Nelson Mandela represents an example of a bright leader who inspired millions of people around the world. first off of all Mandela won the first multi-racial elections in South Africa thus creating a significant change in recognition and building of a color maneuver society in Africa and around the world. Prior to becoming a president Mandela was known for his anti-apartheid violent actions, his actions attracted attention to the existing problem. D. Justify your choice of the two most significant social and/or political changes that occurred as a result of the actions of one individual from the following disputation of United States leaders I suppose that Martin Luther King became an iconic figure, whose courage inspired countless people. First of all Martin Luther King advocated for civil rights by means of the peaceful methods and never encouraged using military force for achieving the goals. His speech I Have a Dream encouraged creation of a color blind society and society based on equality. He actively addre ssed issues of poverty and contributed to the end of the contend in Vietnam. E. Discuss the rise of imperialism or colonialism in one area of the world from the following list Western countries were interested in expanding their influence beyond the borders of Europe. South East Asia became one of the victims of this imperialism. In the nineteenth one C China was particularly vulnerable and could not resist the imperialism from Japan, Russia and different Western countries. Most significantly Chinese markets opened for trade Britain was precisely interested in this measure. Two Opium Wars, countless disputes and conflicts led to a total subjugation of China. Since Japan was an Asian earth that led an aggressive expansionist policy in the region, local population highly resisted its actions. The aggressive Japanese policy predetermined negative perception of the countrys actions in the region for decades. F. Compare the tactics of one violent revolution and one unprovoking revol ution from the following list I would like to address the two brightest examples of revolutions from the Eastern European countries Russian Revolution of 1917 and Orange Revolution in Ukraine from late 2004 early 2005. Russian Revolution is clearly the racing shell of a violent change of the regime in the country, followed by the execution of the Tsars family and demise of all previous existing institution and intelligentsia. To the contrary, Orange Revolution in Ukraine, almost a century after the Russian one, represents a nonviolent scenario of a revolution, when people were able to achieve

Evaluation of the Company's Strategy Assignment

Evaluation of the Companys Strategy - Assignment ExampleM&S renders to niche nodes because the products atomic number 18 expensive and exclusively branded. This everyows the play along to focus on the customers demand pattern and permit maximum customer satisfaction. With the declining economic climate, M&S has invested in their pricing to ensure premium fibre at unbeatable price. M&S encourages its suppliers to remain aw atomic number 18 of changing fashion trends to reduce the risks of over-production. The M&S brand is known for its tint as opposed to quantity and hence customers buy less(prenominal) quantity but high quality. Most of the M&S clothing range within swell prices and hence are able to maintain their loyal customers. Additionally, the customer loyalty that the company enjoys is great for its grocery store share as well as its profit margins. The company has several drawbacks. M&S products cater mainly to older population and this limits the perspective of yo unger generation. Moreover, M&S is not quick in adapting to changing fashion trends like its competitors and critics often tag their clothing as insipid and out of fashion. Also, the products are costlier than its competitors. With its resources like exclusively branded products, high quality customer service and trained management team, the company potbelly look forward to a bright and profitable future. Contents I. Introduction ..........................4 II. ... .........13 VI. The Ansoff Matrix....................14 VII. SAFS Framework.............................................................................................16 VIII. centre of attention competences and dynamic capabilities..................................................17 IX. Synopsis of the Overall Strategic Situation.....................................................18 X. Conclusion and Recommendations..................................................................19 XI. References.................... .......................................................................................20 Introduction Marks & Spencer is a world storied British multinational retail merchant specializing in clothes and luxury items. Marks & Spencer is well known for quality and variations in its products like its clothing lines comes in all sizes, colors and styles. The company began its commitment to value, quality and customer service in 1884 when Michael Marks and Tom Spencer entered into a line of products partnership. The company has evolved to one of the largest retailers globally. The entity ventured into the food business in 1931 and later moved into financial services in 1985 (Marks and Spencer Plc., 2012). Marks and Spencer is one of the leading retailer in the UK catering to 15.8 million customers each week. The number of employees is over 75,000 (Case Study Marks and Spencer, 2008). The success this can be attributed to the quality home products, stylish clothing and outstanding qua lity foods sold in 766 stores all over UK, and 418 stores in other countries worldwide (Annual Reports and Financial Statements, 2013 7). The entity is the best provider of lingerie and women wear and are increasingly

Propsal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Propsal - Essay subjectThe most recent advent of distance learning constitutes the most enticing of these. The aim of this research is to check out the influence of distance culture on raising the motives of teachers to participate in training programmes. It provide substantially consider the case of Saudi Arabia and will specifically explore teachers viewpoints there, regarding the potentials distance training has that perplex it more favourable and encouraging as opposed to those of the traditional face-to-face approach. The research, in the process, will get out different aspects related to teachers training programmes. This will then be correlated to rate how teachers motivations towards training arouse be increased. There has been a wide recognition that training plays an important role in upgrading and improve teachers abilities to elevate teaching outcomes toward highly accomplished educational goals. It is to be noted that an ongoing training administration has been developed in Saudi Arabia in this regard. However, the beneficial consequence of the system cannot be apparently matt-up and there are signs that teachers are not all that interested in participating. Several reasons might be enumerated to be behind this. However, many believe that it is the approach that relies mainly on the conventional face-to-face training that is not sufficiently motivating teachers to take place. It is assumed that applying distance training approach as an option would be more encouraging. Although distance training is becoming widely employed nowadays and proved to be very sufficient to gain interest, the link between distance training and motivation is not sufficiently covered by research yet. This research will see to explore this categorization of link and project out how significant distance training is considered as a motivating medium. Moreover, the research will assess the extent to which conventional face-to-face approach fulfils teachers trainin g purposes and highlights the major obstacle facing this system. On the other(a) hand, it will also research the opportunities of applying distance training among teachers in Saudi Arabia. It will try to framing a good understanding of the available information technology infrastructure and reveal whether teachers have the raw material skills to facilitate information technology tools and thus get the full benefit of distance training. The research will look at how confident teachers are with distance training and find out any sort of relation between satisfaction and motivation with distance training including other factors related to working and face-to-face conditions such as subject and level of teaching. Strategy The proposed research will take on a quantitative approach. It will mainly depend on gathering and analyzing quantitative secondary and primary data gathered from available literature documents and by means of social surveys. This will be supported with assume qu alitative data and analysis to provide clarification and confidence. The research will be mostly deductive in a sense that it works from the more general to the more specific and builds up its close upon initial scientific hypotheses. It ought to ascertain a preliminary assumption and generates inferences about associations among selected variables. The research will try to answer the following questions 1-To what extent do teachers in Saudi

Fast Food Essay Example for Free

Fast Food adjudicateMarket and environmental analysis is an essential part of an organizations External summary. The main objectives of a trade analysis ar a)To determine how attractive a grocery store is. b)To understand the dynamics of the market and amend strategies accordingly. Here we apply the dimensions of a Market Analysis to McDonalds corp. 1)Emerging submarkets McDonalds fai lead to recognize the changing trend in usageers preferences to better tasting, fledgeling feed. This trend led to new sub markets emerging for tastier, fresher and fast food perceived as healthier. A few of the trivialer/privately owned competitors (Cosi and Quiznos) were adapted to operate in corner markets selling gourmet sandwiches and salads. The emergence of smaller restaurants offering easy glide path to exotic foods such as sushi and burritos created a more(prenominal) specialized niche market. 2)Size and Growth With the emergence of these sub-markets and niche markets, McDonald s started losing market share. It now had to share its fast-food mass market with these newly created markets. Even though these restaurant custody were small in size, their growth opportunities presented a potential threat to McDonalds.They operated on service that was better than McDonalds at the homogeneous time providing better tasting food, which led to an increase in its sales. This sector was in the early on stages of growth where as McDonalds was past the maturity stage. 3)Profitability McDonalds profitability can be gauged by using Porters 5 factor model. a)Intensity of competition among existing customers was relatively high. Direct competitors ilk Wendys and Chik-Fil-A were competent to out exercise McDonalds based on service quality by providing quicker service. In comparison McDonalds had a heroic add together of franchises, but will falling service time.b)Threat of new entrants Other market niches comparable quizos, cosi and small restaurants offering exotic f oods also provided a high degree of competition to McDonalds by offering food that appealed to changing customer preferences. The only barrier to entry that McDonalds used was to open a large deed of franchises and offer an inexpensive menu this is however changing as franchisees are leaving McDonalds, lowering the barriers to entry. c)Substitute products would accept fast food options available in leading supermarkets, and cafes offering exotic foods like sushi. d)Bargaining power of customers.Customers are the main source of income for McDonalds. Customers were non happy with the menu offered at McDonalds and hence took their custom to other restaurants, leading to a drop in sales. e)Bargaining power of suppliers McDonalds aimed to keep their menu prices low (source more details about suppliers) 4)Cost structure McDonalds strategic focus was on cost and service. In order to try service quality new kitchens were installed. However, this installation was done for some franchises that did not need it and where the new additions did not help improve business.In order to keep the price of its burgers low, it asked the franchises to sell at a loss. practice Promoting a $1 burger when the cost to make it was $1. 07. This lack in foresight resulted in rising cost to franchise owners who responded by leaving McDonalds and going over to competitors. This snowballed into falling investor confidence resulting in falling equity. other cost issue was investing in too many takeovers which it couldnt handle at the same time as improving service quality and revamping the menu. 5)Distribution Systems McDonalds distribution system was the large and growing number of franchises.However not many of the franchises were posting profits and as per Exhibit 1, more than 500 would mystify to be closed. One of McDonalds strengths is its distribution system, where in customers come in and claim the same experience that they have at any other store. However, this can also be a we akness as providing a consistent experience soon becomes ordinary. 6)Market Trends The fast food casual market was quickly breaking up into fragments. With the rising immigrant population customers now had a choice of items. McDonalds realize this too late and try to echo this effect by introducing new burgers.However, the testing of the new menu does not gauge strongly plentiful the changing customer preferences and this poor planning led to its failure. Internally changing trends were also blindsided. Franchisees who were the closest to customers were not included in decision making and were thus disgruntled. Here was the need to change the management bearing from top-down to bottom-up. This would have solved some of the issues plaguing McDonalds, by providing data on what customers want and what products would have a greater chance of success.7)Key success Factors McDonalds did have some strengths or key success factors a)Large number of franchises that led to economies of sca le. This however contrasted to the small is beautiful concept of the niche markets. b)Complete training for franchisees to begin and run their own McDonalds proven to be a good team building exercise. c)Cost of food was low due to economies of scale and economies of size. Moreover, McDonalds was able to negotiate a reasonable price for high quality food products.McDonalds failed to realize the changing trends in the casual fast food markets, as a result of which, a large part of the market share was taken over by existing brands like Wendys and new players like Panera shekels co. The company also failed to acknowledge competition from the niche markets serving gourmet and exotic foods. This lack in analysis led to lowering of entry barriers for new entrants, loss of market share to competitors (Wendys, Chick-Fil-A. ), disgruntled franchisees, and a drop in sales leading to a fall in equity value. Environmental Analysis 1)Political2)Economic 3)Socio-Cultural There are three heathen forces that influence marketers a) persistence of cultural values, b) subcultures and c) slips in secondary cultural values. Of the three, secondary cultural values carry the largest influence on the fast-food market. When the market is fire in convenience, they are more likely to buy fast food if the markets secondary values shift and become interested in fitness and health, they will be less likely to buy fast food. (Monash university, 2006) The case shows this shift to gourmet and healthier foods.4)Technological McDonalds had begun to notice the importance of technology. The organization was looking at new technological solutions like ERP to improve their supply chain (Newman, 2002) 5)Environmental 6)LegalReferences Monash university, 2006, Briohnys Report, Language and Learning Online, Retrieved on 06 May 2008. http//www. monash. edu. au/lls/llonline/ writing/business-economics/marketing/3. 3. 2. xml Newman, K, 2002. McDonalds seeks closer electronic relations, iStart. comTec hnology in business, www. istart. co. nz, retrieved on 06 May 2008. http//www. istart. co. nz/index/HM20/PC0/PVC197/EX245/AR22537.

The Construction of Watts Bar Nuclear Plant Essay Example for Free

The Construction of Watts Bar Nuclear Plant shewThe Watts Bar Nuclear Plant (west by north) is operated by the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), a g everywherenment owned authority. The web send is approximately ten miles south of Spring City, TN, approximately 1. 25 miles south of the Watts Bar Dam that it is named for, and on the west bank of the Tennessee River. There be two units, unit 1 which is operational and unit of measurement 2 which is unfinished. The Groundbreaking for building block 1 took place in 1972, with major construction beginning in 1973 (TVA website). hitherto unit of measurement 1 did not begin commercial operation until 1996 twenty-three years after major construction started and according to Munson (2002) at a cost of $7 billion and Unit 2 has in time to be completed. Construction licenses for both units were awarded by the nuclear regulator of the time the Atomic Energy committal (AEC) in 1973, and construction of both units was supended in 1985. Unit 1 construction was restarted in 1990 and the full index number operating license was issued in 1996.Unit 2 remained only partially constructed until 2007 when TVA announced it would resume construction. minute entropy about the original tender, construction process, numbers of deviseers, time scales and original budgets is not available for Unit 1 as the run across began in the early(a) 1970s and the information is archived and not easily retrievable (Johnson, personal communication). However Unit 1 is typical of the reactors of its time so around general information is available.For face, in terms of the plant overall, betokens from 1974 (Peterson, 2003) indicate that the construction of a typical nuclear plant necessitate 40 metric tons (MT) of make and 190 cubic meters (m3) of cover per average megawatt of electricity (MW(e)) generating capacity. With a capacity of over 1000 MWe, figures for the construction of Unit 1 can be estimated as over 40,000 MT of steel, and 190,000 m3 of concrete. Due to the geologic features of the site (see below), it is reasonable to assume that the real figures were even higher. There is some information with regards the restart of construction for Unit 2.Reactors Both units are Westinghouse Four-loop Pressurized-Water Reactor (PWR), as shown in the figure below (TVA website) capable of electrical output of 1125 MWe. A four-loop Westinghouse plant has four steam generators, four reactor coolant pumps, and a Pressurizer. There are 193 fuel assemblies arranged in a 17 x 17 array inside a reactor vessel that has an internal diameter of 173 inches. The reactor vessel is constructed of a manganese molybdenum steel, and all surfaces that come into contact with reactor coolant are clad with stainless steel to increase corrosion resistance.The reactor coolant flows to the steam generator (USNRC, 2003). Typically, PWR containments typically consist of heavily steel-reinforced concrete cylinders ranging in thic kness from 3. 5 feet to 4. 5 feet, capped by a hemispherical dome of steel-reinforced concrete. The cylinder is typically 140 feet high, with a 140-foot diameter. Reinforcement bars that form a cage within the concrete are typically Grade 60 18 steel bars on 12-inch to 15-inch centers. A 18 rebar is two and one-quarter inches in diameter (ABS Consulting, 2002).Additional reinforcement may be called for depending on the results of the seismic succeed undertaken for the site. This was the case for the Watts Bar reactors. The Final recourse analytic thinking Report for west by north (TVA 1991), reported that the plant is located in the Valley and Ridge Province of the Appalachian Highlands, and the major geologic feature at the site is the Kingston thrust fault, which developed 250 million years ago. The fault has been inactive for mevery millions of years, and recurrence of question is not expected.The fault lies to the northwest of the site area and is not involved in the founda tion for any of the major plant structures. The SAR for the WBN states that it was excogitateed based on the largest historic earthquake to occur in the Southern Appalachian Tectonic Province the 1897 Giles County, Virginia earthquake. This earthquake is estimated to have had a body wave magnitude of 5. 8. The Safe Shutdown Earthquake for the plant has been established as having a maximum horizontal quickening of 0. 18 g and a simultaneous maximum vertical acceleration of 0.12 g WBN Unit 2 Restart of Construction As Unit 2 is essentially identical to Unit 1, the scope of work for Unit 2 duplicates that of Unit 1 as much as workable with some additional scope for Unit 2 not included in the Unit 1 startup such as another cooling tower, transmission system, various upgrades and work completed since Unit 1 startup such as a process computer upgrade (Moll, 2007). Estimated cost of the project to complete startup is 2. 49 billion, over 54 months with commercial operation of the unit scheduled for early 2012 (Westinghouse, 2008).Moll reports that peak staffing is estimated at 2,300 craft and technical personnel. The project configurations will include the Engineering and Analysis phase, which will include plant walk downs to establish the current condition of the plant, the engineering evaluations of program work and identification of design discrepancies. The second phase as outlined by Moll is the Design action phase to correct identified deficiencies and design changes required to maintain consistency between units.The third phase is the implementation phase which will include the construction, the modifications required in supporting two units, the maintenance activities, testing, non-design repairs and swooning up. Finally the Startup Test phase that will ensure the systems are capable of safe block before the operations phase. Major Issues Affecting the Contruction of WBN Unit 1 Nuclear power reactors are regulated by federal and state laws to protect h uman health and the environment. These restrictive requirements are of prevailing consideration in the construction of any nuclear facilities.Regulatory costs for the nuclear industry are a significant percentage of construction and on-going operating costs and as such regulatory considerations head for the hills a large role in dictating all aspects of the project from the chosen site to the reactor design to the management of on-going operations. The construction period of the Watts Bar reactors coincided with significant changes in the regulatory environment. The most significant nuclear regulatory authority in the US is United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (US NRC).The Watts Bar reactors were in the construction phase when the accidents occurred at Three land mile Island in 1979, and later, Chernobyl in 1986. Reaction to these events resulted in shape up and more stringent regulatory requirements. Environmental obligations have also become ever more important, and op erators must(prenominal) also satisfy requirements for environmental impact statements. Construction of both units was suspended in 1985, primarily because legion(predicate) TVA staff made complaints that the construction process was inadequate and that there may be resulting safety risks (NRC, Safety Evaluation Report, 1995).On September 17, 1985 the NRC required TVA to address various deficiencies in its activities and TVA withdrew its certification that Unit 1 was ready to load fuel. The NRC Safety Evaluation Report notes the findings that there were significant problems in construction tonicity and quality assurance. Deficiencies in construction involved a number of systems and issues including the quality of welding and cabling. There were many an(prenominal) staff concerns and complaints that also aimed to be addressed. In the report the NRC itself recognises its own role in not providing sufficient regulatory oversight.The report notes the extensive corrective actions pe rformed by TVA, which included a Nuclear functioning Plan to address material, design and programmatic deficiencies and included inspection and testing of the construction issues and programs to respond to staff concerns. Unit 1 construction was resumed in 1990. In terms of estimating and producing time lines for such a project, The Watts Bar moral demonstrates that as well as being aware of industry codes and building standards it is crucial to understand the regulatory requirements for the relevant industry.Unforseen delays also need to be considered, as does whether risks of such are allocated to the contractor. If risks are allocated to the contractor, the risk of a long delay should be considered in the estimate. Some of this risk may be offset when components in a project can be worked on independently or concurrently with each other, instead than build components that need to be constructed sequentially. The Watts Bar Unit 1 reactor is a good example of unforseen events af fecting the construction process (for example, discovery of the fault, the changes in the regulatory environment after the Three Mile Island accident in 1979).Although Unit 1 was on-line by September 11, 2001, security requirements for installations such as nuclear power stations were increased, and on-going construction projects for security sensitive projects were affected at that time. Changes to regulatory requirements, standards and codes need to be tracked for any project. Quality Assurance systems must be in place, and accounted for in the sign estimating process.References1. TVA Website Watts Bar Nuclear Plant Retrieved April 3, 2008 from http//www. tva. gov/power/nuclear/wattsbar. htm 2. Munson, Richard.The Electricity Journal, Vol15, Issue10, December 2002 pp76-80. 3. NRC, Partial Chronology WB Unit 2 (Table) (2007 August 23) Retrieved April 3, 2008 from http//www. nrc. gov/reactors/plant-specific-items/watts-bar/watts-bar-partial-chronology. html 4. (Terry W Johnson, Co mmunications, Tennessee Valley Authority, personal communication, April 5, 2008). 5. Peterson, F. Will the United States pauperism a Second Geologic Repository? The Bridge National Academy of Engineering Vol33, No. 3, drop dead 2003. 6. TVA Website (Figure of Reactor). Retrieved April 3 2008 from http//www.tva. gov/sites/wattsbarnuc. htm 7. USNRC Technical Training Center, Pressurized Water Reactor (PWR) Systems 2003. Retrieved April 7, 2008 from http//www. nrc. gov/reading-rm/basic-ref/teachers/04. pdf 8. ABS Consulting and ANATECH, Aircraft Crash Impact Analyses Demonstrate Nuclear effect Plants Structural Strength, December 2002. Retrieved April 7, 2008 from http//www. stpnoc. com/EPRI%20study. doc 9. The Final Safety Analysis Report for WBN (TVA 1991), excerpt retrieved from http//www. hanford. gov/rl/uploadfiles/ea/ea1210/section4. htm

Theme Parks Essay Example for Free

Theme Parks EssayAs I was young and growing up, traveling is something that I enjoy doing and still do today. I have travelled all most the country however, the most exciting thing that I like to do is to go to an pastime park. Amusement parks ar filled with rides, people, and excitement. The children argon so excited and the adults feel as if they were young again. For example, Carowinds, Wet N Wild, and Disney World are all great frolic parks that I have been to. The number of people in amusement parks continues to grow as most amusement parks create new thrilling rides and activities to all people throughout the country.Carowinds is a very gay place to go, which is located between Charlotte and Rock Hill. The amusement park is filled with people, food, rides, and excitement. Most people clench in long lines to secure on a ride, while others walk around and get on a nonher ride. Some of the rides that Carowinds have include Waynes World, Vortex, and The Cyclone. These r ides are breath taking, making people scream, and capture a strong stomach to get on them. The amusement park has great food however, the prices are a little eminent. They also have an all day buffet which is located in the heart of the park. Carowinds is a great amusement park to go as excitement continues to grow.The second amusement that has a lot of excitement is Wet N Wild. Wet N Wild is located in high Point, NC. Wet N Wild is an amusement park you just can not wait to get in. The park is filled with water rides and excitement. One of the rides I love to get on when I add up is called The Twin Twisters. The Twin Twisters are two tunnels that loop you around four times at more or less 80 miles per hour. This ride is breath taking if you have not ever got on it before.The Twin Twisters is not recommending for children or people with high blood pressure. There are more water rides for people to contain from. The people that do not like water rides choose to go to the swimmi ng pool which has slightly three hundred people. Most people that vex to the park bring their own food because the prices are really high. Wet N Wild N Wild is the best water park in the state of North Carolina as more people continue to come.The last amusement park that has a lot of excitement is Disney World. Disney World brings excitement to all ages as it is like a dream come true to children. It is not normal to see Mickey Mouse or Bugs Bunny walking around in an amusement park. Once you enter the amusement park, you see children running around all all over the place and playing with the people dressed in funny costumes. Most adults like watching plays with their children, postulate pictures, and collect souvenirs for memories. As many children are not able to see this exciting place, Disney World is a great place for children.Amusement parks are great to be as they are cognize to carry excitement. Children love to travel to amusement parks because they enjoy it. Most adul ts love to go to amusement parks because they relive stress and are very amusing. Amusement parks are very entertain and amusing as more people continue to go to them all across the country.

Nature And Nurture Influences On Child Essay Example for Free

Nature And Nurture Influences On Child EssayWhen it comes to tyke phylogeny there ar two major ferments. These influences argon character which are traits we inherit and hold up which are the traits we learn. Nature and nurture are variant in some(prenominal) ways but they two nobble an important role in babe suppuration. Although they both influence development the topic of which has the greatest influence in frequently debated.This paper leave behind describe the relationship between nature and nurture, explain the biological, surroundingsal, societal, and pagan influences on child development in relation to nature and nurture, and discuss whether nature or nurture has the most influence on child development. Nature and nurture are different in several ways but share one similarity which is the fact that they both have an influence on child development. Both of them contact an important role in how children develop as well as the type of hatful they will grow up to be. In the video Nature vs. Nurture in Child Development Shirael Pollack states that children are born with some traits and characteristics while they learn others (Pollack, S. n. d. ). Nature is one(s) genes.The traits and characteristics that they inherit such as skin tone, eye color, and hair color. Nurture is what they are taught or what they learn from the people around them such as manners learning to say please and thank you. There are different influences on child development in relation to nature and nurture. These influences are biological, environmental, societal, and cultural. Nature is trustworthy for the biological influences. Biological influences are traits that are passed parents to their children. They include appearance, talents, and abilities, and also certain illnesses (Groark, C., McCarthy, S. Kirk, A. , 2014). Nurture is responsible for environmental influences. These are things that are in a child(s) environment that they are exposed to or experience. N urture sewer also be NATURE AND NURTURE 3 responsible for cultural and societal influences on child development which can be instilled subtly through natural interactions with others. The cultural and societal influences can be direct and indirect impacts of culture, race, and ethnicity as well as the powerful effects of economics, gender roles, marriage, divorce, single parenthood, and organized religion (Groark, C. , McCarthy, S. Kirk, A. , 2014).No matter what type of influence there is on child development it is either related to to nature or nurture. Some people think that nature and nurture are partners because of the fact that they both play a role in child development. However, theorists have different views about the two. Some theorists believe that nature is ultimately responsible for growth while other theorists believe that children become whatever their environment shapes them into (McDevitt, 2010). disregarding of what the different views of theorists are on the top ic of nature versus nurture, the fact of the matter is that both of them play a role in how children develop and have some type of impact on what and how they will be when they grow up. Both nature and nurture play important roles in child development. Regardless of if one has more of an influence than the other, the fact is that they both impact how children develop. Truth of the matter is that they are different but share one important factor which is the fact that they help make children who they are.This paper expound the relationship between nature and nurture, explained the biological, environmental, societal, and cultural influences on child development in relation to nature and nurture, and also discussed which of the two influences is more influential than the other. NATURE AND NURTURE 4 References Groark, C. , McCarthy, S. Kirk, A. (2014).Early child development From theory to practice. Bridgepoint Education San Diego, CA. McDevitt, T. M. (2010). Nature and nurture Retri eved from http//www. education. com/reference/article/nature-nurture/ Pollack, S. (n. d. ). Nature vs. nurture in child development Video file. Retrieved from http//www. howcast. com/videos/513307-Nature-vs-Nurture-Child-Development.

Online Enrollment System of Act Essay Example for Free

Online Enrollment System of bend Essay1. Background of the interpretThe need for powerful and flexible information management formations is increasing in science, engineering, business and the personnel fields. The success of an organization depends on its ability to acquire accurate and timely data about its operation, to manage this data effectively, and to use it to analyze its admit activities. Nowadays, web-based applications are widely used callable to their ubiquity. This universal availability of information is sparking an era of collaboration. The Internet is neither an extraordinary communications tool nor revolutionary. It entirely represents the current stage in the growth of human capabilities through written language, which itself derived from the spoken form (Holmes, 2006). condition its current and potential growth, the Internet, which emerged as a powerful tool for information management, has become a foreboding(a) avenue for e-commerce, offering trans action convenience and service efficiency.Continuing innovation in technologies can attract to organizational changes that range from improvement of day-to-day operations and for easy access it provides for the end users (Forman, 2007). Many schools at once have adapted this innovation. Among these are online services offered by the Western Mindanao State University (http//www.wmsu.edu.ph/) and Far Eastern University (http//www.feu.edu.ph/). Challenged for such(prenominal) innovation, a group of researchers have decided to conduct a study in Asian College of engineering science (ACT), one of the academic institutions here in Cebu that offers ITE (IT Education) courses. Through potent marketing and advertisement strategy, the institution continues to soar its heights towards academic excellence and gains the hearts of some parents in all status, to send their children to college.To meet the demands of the oversized number of employee and student population, a web-based effort b ody is proposed for the academic institution which includes different sub-systems that leave give the needs to improve its service, operation, bear on and other transactions critical to the institution from the adjustment procedures, storing of student imperishable records and accounts, student evaluation and as well as grade management. In lieu to this, the researchers divided the first step system into sub-systems and each member is assigned to a particular module.The researcher decided to focus on proposing an online enrollment system which will soon enhance their enrollment process as part of the proposed web-based enterprise system. Though an existing enrollment client system, a desktop application has already been used to accelerate the student enrollment process but still a demand on a faster, arrogant and more convenient way of student admission and enrollment procedures are technically vital.The study considered the prevalent process of the institution and how the current process can be modified for a more streamlined and effective enrollment system. One of the factors to be considered for the proposed system is the lack of manpower to accommodate numerous enrollees, the visionary task of filling up application or enrollment forms, the inaccuracies of information provided by the enrollees, the inefficiency of selecting subject schedules and the opposed process of adjusting the schedules enrolled by the students. These factors cause enrollment delay, which really affects the impression of the institution towards its clients and as well as to the enrollment personnel.2. Statement of the ProblemAsian College of Technology, as of 1st semester of SY 2012-2013, has increased its student population. The problems arises during the enrollment hitch were prevalent as those really affect the impression of the institution. The system seeks to solve the following problems Lack of manpower to accommodate large number of enrollees Tedious task of fil ling up and submission of application or enrollment forms Inaccuracies of information provided by the enrollees Inefficiencies of selecting subject schedules by the enrollment personnel to the enrollees and Delay and tiresome bear upon of schedule adjustments. In order to help students and enrollment personnel to overcome the mentioned difficulties, the researcher came up with an conceit of enhancing the existing enrollment procedures through an online enrollment system.1.3 Goals and ObjectivesThe main objective of this research is to design an online enrollment system as a response of the encountered difficulties during the course of the enrollment period. Furthermore, it specifically aims to Provide availability of the system via web to facilitate preliminary enrollment procedures Provide a user-friendly interface in filling up student information without the hassle of queuing mend accuracy by providing user data validation features Improve efficiency by providing the st udent a user-interface to select the desired subject schedules Minimize delay for processing of schedule adjustments by providing the students a ubiquitous and reform system via web without the hassle of queuing.4. Significance of the StudyThe proposed study will be beneficial to the following Schools It serves as an essential and efficient tool for up the current enrollment procedures. Enrollment Personnel It will provide them better facilitation, customer service and better technical assistance to student enrollees. Students It will give an elated impression to them since the system provides convenient and hassle-free features for enrollment transactions. Researchers It will help them in the field of automating and improving current systems and set them to discover things where technology is involved. The system provides them the opportunity to apply their skills and be able to share their knowledge through system development. Future Researchers This may open doors for resea rchers related to enhance and improve online enrollment system utilizing latest and current web technologies. Further, this will serve as a useful reference and guide for further research and develop their own projects. Readers The study may serve as valuable reference for further studies on how systems are real and designed. Further, this may motivate them to be in the technical field and will aid them in the development of their own projects in the near future.

Communists Win Chinese Civil War Essay Example for Free

Communists Win Chinese civil fightfare EssayHow much of the Cold warfare was affected by the Chinese genteel struggle? oneness may ask themself this question and non find an answer because one may think very(prenominal) little of another country being a part of different wars at the same time. The Chinese genteel warfare impacted the Cold War completely. The Chinese polished War left a legacy of many people, major events in invoice, importance towards the Cold War and many others. The people who make this war happen also left behind their own goals along with their own legacies. The Chinese Civil War was a civil war fought between the Kuomintang (KMT), the governing party of the Republic of china, and the Communist troupe of China (CPC) for the control of China which eventuall(a)y led to Chinas division into two Chinas, Republic of China (ROC) in Taiwan and Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in Mainland (Chinese Civil War, 2012). The KMT and CPC are the groups of peopl e who created the Chinese Civil War because of their diverse and unique beliefs on government.This war for control began in April 1927 during the same time of the Northern Expedition, which was a troops campaign led by the KMT to unify China under the Kuomintang banner (2012). The Cold War began in 1941 or most resources say exactly after WWII sho pull throughg that both the Chinese Civil War and Cold War went on in the same time period in history (Cold War, 2012). In the Chinese Civil War the main objective of each powerful party was to wee-wee control of China and establish their thoughts on government. This civil war marked the third largest war in history, being represented by ideological split between the chauvinistic KMT and Communist CPC (2012). The main leadership of the Chinese Civil War were the Nationalists leader, Chiang Kai-shek, and the Communists leader, Mao Zedong. The Chinese Civil War stop due to major active battles ending in 1949-1950 (2012). Most would say the war is still going on with no ending yet because no truce or intermission treaty has been signed yet.With most resources showing the Civil War of China ended about 40 years earlier than the Cold War (Cold War, 2012), but considering the Chinese Civil War never had an armistice nor peace treaty the war has never correctly ended or endedat all. The Chinese Civil War was mainly ended though due to the Sino- Nipponese War destroying the KMT severely toward their moral, troops, and trust passim China. The Japanese invaded at this time forcing the KMT and CPC to unite in an attempt to drive out the invading Japanese (2012). Furtherto a greater extent, the KMT when defending Japanese attacks lost many casualties, but once it was the CPCs turn they defended far more than expectation pushing the Japanese back some victimization guerilla warfare (2012). This gained a spread of respect and trust within the CPC adding new followers to its party. later this ended the Western- incarnatee d Nationalist KMT and the Soviet-supported CPC went back at it for the control of China (Chinese Civil War, 2008).The last three years of the war are more usually k right awayn as the War of Liberation, or alternatively the Third Internal Revolutionary War (2012). On October 1, 1949, Mao Zedong proclaimed the Peoples Republic of China with its capital at Beiping, which was renamed Beijing Chiang Kai-shek and approximately 2 cardinal Nationalist Chinese retreated from mainland China to the island of Taiwan (2012). The Chinese Civil War affected the Soviet Union and coupled recites in many different ways. Among the time period of World War II the unify States became a large factor in Chinese personal business (Chinese Civil War, 2011). The United States as an ally helped the Nationalist government by sending a program of massive military and pecuniary aid in the late months of 1941 (2011). In January 1943 the United States and Britain led the way in revising their treaties with China, pitch to an end a century of unequal treaty relations (2011). By doing this the United States were trying to capture a strong ally with China, stabilizing force in postwar East Asia (2011).As the passage of arms between the Nationalists and the Communists intensified, however, the United States sought unsuccessfully to reconcile the rival forces for a more effective anti-Japanese war effort (2011). Toward the end of the war, United States Marines were used to hold Beiping and Tianjin against a possible Soviet incursion, and logistic support was given to Nationalist forces in north and northeast China (2011). American strategists debated amongst themselves on whether or not the United States should intervene in an attempt to prevent a Communist advantage, which would be following the insurance policy of containment (2011). In December 1945 General George Catlett Marshall arrived in China with the thoughts of more-so bringing the KMT and CPC together to build acoalition g overnment that would consist of all the contending political and military groups in China (2011). Under Marshalls guidance, the Nationalist and Communist factions established an Executive Headquarters at Peiping, China (also known as Beijing), in January 1946 (2011).The United States Army appointed military personnel into headquarters trying to help administer the cease-fire negotiations (2011). United State forces were still held accountable towards incidents of violence between the Communist and Nationalist powers (2011). Furthermore, the United States also helped extradite Japanese army personnel who were stranded in China after World War II (2011). Unfortunately for General Marshall, both the Nationalists and Communists representatives could not compromise or come to an agreement on certain fundamental issues or relinquish the territories they had gained in the time of the Japanese surrender (2011). Because of these miscommunications and bad negotiating between both of the Nati onalist and Communist powers, the cease-fire attempts failed after some(prenominal) months resulting in battles resuming on once again (2011). The truce upheld between both forces soon fell apart in the spring of 1946 (2011).Negotiations still continued (2011). On 08 January 1947 Marshall was recalled, having realized that American efforts short of large-scale fortify intervention could not stop the war (2011). Marshall was then commissioned as Secretary of State in President Trumans Cabinet (2011). After this General George Catlett Marshall convinced Congress to give europium $13 billion to help rebuild, this became known as the Marshall Plan (2011). Marshall received the Nobel counterinsurgency Prize in 1953 (2011). The United States still strongly aided the Nationalists with massive economic loans, but no military support (2011). The Chinese Civil War battles became more raged between the two forces (2011). The two forces now not only fought for territory but also for the all egiance of cross sections of the population (2011). By using Manchuria as a base of supply and manpower and by accelerating the stages of Maos theory, Communists field commanders defeated Kuomintang forces in a series of conventional engagements in the late 1940s and established the Peoples Republic of China in October 1949 (2011).After numerous operational set-backs in Manchuria the Communists were able to take over the region and put more taper towards the war south of the Great Wall (2011). Stalin actually tried to restrain Mao on several occasions while he gaugedAmerican responses to developments in China (2011). The crossing of the Yangtze River culminated in the collapse of the KMT oppositeness (2011). This led directly to Chiang Kai-sheks retreat to Taiwan and the formation of the Peoples Republic of China on October 1st, 1949 (2011). The Mandate of Heaven had been withdrawn from Chiang Kai-shek (2011). This resulted in the final victory of the Communist forces led by Mao Z edong in the Chinese Civil War this casted an ominous pall over world affairs (2011). Within the same year, Russia detonated its first atomic bomb, ending the United States commanding control over atomic weapons (2011).The arms race had begun with the nuclear war threat always being a major changeless concern in the Cold War (2011). The overall impact of the Chinese Civil War ended in favor for the Soviet Union and going against the United States. This is because the United States were practicing a policy of containment. The scheme, containment, is the strategy that the USA had of stopping the spread of socialism right in its tracks at the start of the Cold War Mr. Crow. Considering the United States did not stop the spread of Communism to China, they can count this event as a loss in the Cold War. On the other hand, the Soviet Union (USSR) could consider this a victory in the Cold War considering they aided the Communist Party and force in China, helping them win the Chinese Civ il War and spread the concept and belief of Communism.The concept or belief of Communism a theory or system of social organization based on the holding of all property in common, actual ownership being ascribed to the community as a whole or to the state (Dictionary.com, 2012). Communism has ten essential planks, which are the abolishment of Private Property, Heavy Progressive Income Tax, Abolition of Rights of Inheritance, Confiscation of Property Rights, Central Bank, Government Ownership of Communication and Transportation, Government Ownership of Factories and Agriculture, Government subdue of Labor, Corporate Farms and Regional Planning, Government Control of Education (Communism Amorality, 2012).ReferencesChinese Civil War. GlobalSecurity.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2012. http//www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/chinese-civil-war.htm. Chinese Civil War. New World Encyclopedia . N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2012. http//www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Chinese_Civil_War.Chinese Civil War. Wikipedia.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 13 May 2012. http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinese_Civil_War.Cold War. New World Encyclodpedia . N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2012. http//www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Cold_war.22End.22_of_the_Cold_War. Communism Amorality . solely About Philosophy. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2012. http//www.allaboutphilosophy.org/communism.htm.Definition of Communism. Dictionary.com. N.p., n.d. Web. 14 May 2012. http//dictionary.reference.com/browse/communism.

Modelling a Database for a Garment Manufacturing Company Essay Example for Free

Modelling a Database for a Garment Manufacturing Comp whatever testThis project leave alone contain information on the processing involved in modelling a selective informationbase for a Garment Manufacturing company. It give a like document how to create letter and fax templates that make the plump more efficient. The database lead hold stops roughly the suppliers, customers and stock etc. The enclothe style, size, how many order and dead hound dates for the garments to be finished will also be data which is stored in the t fitted. The end- exploiter Mr Jordan will be able to rec entirely information on any of his suppliers or customers. He will be able to bind what the customer orders to what he has to order from his suppliers or if the customers provides their own supplies he will see the amount quested. Mr Jordan will be able to get away earn automatic every last(predicate)y to his customers and suppliers ab let on change state and orders. The database will be essential utilise Microsoft Access, the supplier and customer letters will be created in Microsoft Word and blendd with data from Microsoft Access. Background to Organisation The Garment Manufacturing Company is called Air Ltd, it is located in Stratford and is owned by Mr Jordan. in that respect are nine workers, which Mr Jordan is in charge of.He takes care of every aspect of the duty himself apart(predicate) from parts of the accounts. solely of the other nine workers are arrange in a output line around the work place. Mr Jordan deals with the customer enquiries, orders and suppliers etc. At the moment letters are created from scratch in Microsoft Word. Information Technology is non utilize ofttimes as it could be at the present season. received procedures Customers get into contact with the company and talk about their order and the type of work required to relate their needs. This would include the design styles, reals and number of garments etc. Either the c ustomer provide their own materials or they practice out their order to Mr Jordan so he grass go to his supplier. The company then makes a exemplification garment which is shown to the customer if they are pleased with it then production starts, if not then amendments are make.At the moment if letters need to be sent out to customers or suppliers they are created individually preferably of making a template and exploitation mail-merge. From customer orders Mr Jordan notes down how many garments to be made, style of garment and size on paper, all of this documentation is kept in a folder. Image of Mr Jordans customers order detail sheet. image002.jpg The customer detail sheet is in tabular form where records are filled in about separately of the individual garments. For example data such(prenominal) as size, colour and style etc. would be held on the sheet. Mr Jordan takes care of all of these sheets in a folder. When they are out dated and are no, long-lasting of any use of goods and services they are disposed of. Strengths of the current ashes The strengths of the following system are All of the workers are used to the current system this means that nobody has to be trained to use any new equipment. For example none of the workers have to be trained on how to use computers. Most work is carried out by hand, this is a strength because if machines were used and any one of them broke down the production of the garments would have to be stopped. Weaknesses of the current systemThe weaknesses of the current system are All documentation is carried out on paper. All letter to customers are created individually. The bloodline does not use e-mail to communicate with its customers or suppliers. The business does not have a web site advertising its service and goods. If brisk business documents are lost, there is no backup. There is no form of a factory outlet. Objectives for the new system investment trust flesh out about the customers permanently. neckc loth details about the suppliers permanently. Easily be able to stimulation data concerning the ordering of materials. For example, style, material, size, colour etc. Be able to print out order details for the worker to use. Check his status with the suppliers. For example, material say etc. Send out letters to customers using mail merge for better efficiency. Print out an update of all deadlines to be met. End-substance abuser and functional requirements Store details about the customers permanently The database will need to store details of the spend a penny of the company, its address and the phone number. The user will some fourth dimensions want to display details of all the customers. It will be profitable if the customer company names are in alphabetical order.The user might want to send the customers letters which means that the post edict will have to be stored in a separate field. Store details about the suppliers permanently The database will store details about the s uppliers. For example the user will sometimes want to list the names in alphabetical order this means that the first name will have to be stored in a separate field to the middle and last name. If the user wants to send the customers letters to inform them about orders etc he will need to store the post code part of the address in a different field. Store details about the suppliers permanently The database will store details about the suppliers name and address. The suppliers table will be similar to the customer table. exclusively the user will send letters to the suppliers concerning the orderinf of raw materials etc. Easily be able to enter data concerning the ordering of materials. For example, style, material, size, colour etc. The user will advantageously be able to in put the data using Microsoft access instead of inputting the data on paper using a hand made table where he could be creating a more efficient table using access. Be able to print out order details for the w orker to use.The user will be able to print out details of the customers orders. For example, the number of garments, style, material etc. Check his status with the suppliers. For example, material ordered etc. The user should be able to access details about what he has ordered and what there is to pay at the touch of merelyton Send out letters to customers using mail merge for better efficiency. The user will be able to send out letters to the customers and suppliers pronto and efficiently using mail merge with Microsoft Access and Microsoft Word Print out an update of all deadlines to be met. The user will be able to print out a list of all deadlines to be met of all of the customers so the workers can work efficiently. Working Constraints End-user skill level The end-user(s) have used modern computers before based upon Windows 95. The user has used a modern computer to create letters and do calculations on Microsoft Excel. The user can only do simple-minded calculations and no thing in addition complicated. The user can create letters for suppliers and customers by using a record book processor. Mr Jordan is new to Microsoft Word but is getting the hang of it. He does not know such(prenominal) about the march on features of the computer software. Mr Jordan will need some form of support in using the advanced features. Mr Jordan can use any simple software, but will have to apply himself slightly to be able to get the hang of the advanced features. His experience with IT is very limited.The new system must be easy to fancy so that the vital functions can be successfully carried out. No errors should occur, everything should be clear. Availability of hardware and software The previous software that Mr Jordan was using is called lotus Word Pro96 but has recently purchased a new PC with Microsoft Office 2000 on it. This new computer is manufactured by Compaq and has the following specification 900Mhz processor 64Mb RAM 13Gigabytes HDD 17 inch VDU Cann on Bubble Jet printer BJC4200 Microsoft Office 2000 Mr Jordan has an ideal specification if not too good for the functional requirements. The software in the school will easily correspond with Mr Jordans PC since in school Microsoft Office 97 is available. Time constraints The deadline for the project is to be completed for the 30th March. This gives approximately nine weeks for enlargement, testing and documentation. Documentation will take up a great deal of the time this means that time will be a major constraint upon the completed system.Initial time plan Consideration of solutions Data such as company names and addresss will need to be stored along with ordering details etc. this means that a database must be used. A word processor will also be needed because letters have to be created for the customers. Mail merge could be used. There are two choices for the type of database relational or Flat-file. Flat-file A Flat-file database will not be commensurate because it would me an that all of the field would have to be stored in one table. For example, supplier, customer and order fields will all be in the same table. This would then lead to there being data in the table that is not needed. For example, each time a customer made an order their name and address will have to be recorder in that record. If this type were to be used then it would take up a lot of space and hold useless data. It would also make it hard to search in the basic ways that you do. It will be hard to develop it so that the end-user will be able search for a certain supplier or customer without all of the other irrelevant details coming up. It would also make it increasingly difficult to use the mail merge facility.Concluding this we now know that a spreadsheet is not suitable for our purpose because it is skillful like a Flat-file if not nearly enough the same thing. Relational database This form of storage is much more flexible than Flat-file because it allows the data to be split up into separate tables. This is more efficient because each table contains information about a single entity. Now that information is in its individual tables, data redundancy is avoided. By linking all of the tables the whole structure will be able to be searched in a variety of ways. There are a great amount of relational database options in the marketplace but the two main ones are Microsoft Access and sacred lotus salute. These are both very suitable choices. Out of the two I will use Microsoft Access because it is more common compared with Lotus Approach and also because I am more familiar with the Microsoft environment. Overall I feel that Microsoft Access is easier to understand the instructions are clearer which makes it easier to follow.The terminology used in Access is better than that used in Lotus Approach. The form will be used to enter record of orders, suppliers and customers etc. This will make the business more organised and thus more efficient. The queries will be used to see who is ordering what and how much is owed to suppliers or owed by customers. To produce the templates for the letter I have chosen Microsoft word because it can easily be linked to Microsoft Access. It will also enable the letter to look professional as you can set any of your own preferences. For example, margin width, header and footer etc. Functions in Microsoft word such as MacroButtons, Date fields can make the end-user develop the letter template for his suitability. Other functions like AutoCorrect and AutoText will give the user an option for creating many types of customised letters for different kinds clients. My other options for word processors were Lotus WordPro, WordPad, Microsoft Publisher, Microsoft Paint and Word Perfect. These were not as suitable as Microsoft Word because some of them do not allow me carry out the advanced features that I wish to and also because most of them will not be able to link with Microsoft Access.

Medieval and early modern Essay Example for Free

gothic and earlier recent EssayThe gothic and advance(prenominal) moderne periods were eras with distinctive issues and ideals. Some of their key themes were actu every last(predicate)y similar, such as the importance of religion and the role it stageed in e preciseday life, while different matters were unique to their time, such as the knightly selling of indulgences, or the early modern Reformation of the Church. These examples decorate clearly the mixture of transmit and stasis in the two ages, as a subject shargond by both(prenominal) periods yielded so great a diversity of issues. The musical note of the eras makes it evident that some change did occur, yet as the period of time between them was non very great, the change must be limited. Every popular and Dr Faustus are respectively gallant and early modern gambol texts that share common issues. However, the way in which they traction them varies, and allows an exploration of whether the people and cult ure of the mediaeval and early modern period differed by slight breaker point or strict demarcation.The medieval age of English history is epitomised as a strongly phantasmal time, where Christianity provided a strict identity and purpose in life. Belief in Heaven, Hell and Judgement was very current, as was the constant fear of sin and damnation. The Church was adapted to manipulate the devout faith of its following by selling fake consecrate relics and religious indulgences. The laymen believed it was necessary for them to obtain such items in prescribe to purify themselves of sin, and enter Heaven without suffering through Purgatory. Medieval drama did a great deal to reinforce these beliefs, universe completely liturgical. Morality plays were first performed at religious holidays, and warned listenings about sin and salvation, with personification of the psychomachia. They all shared out a highly similar narrative structure as good and nefariousness battled for the s oul of an initially virtuous man who had become caught in vice. This person represented the whole of humanity, and the play would show how, disdain temptation and with the help of Christian values, he sureised his error and won salvation.By the early modern era, n both the faith in Christ nor in Judgement had diminished, provided the understanding of them had altered. People became baffle with the ecclesiastical despotism that was rife in the established Church, and there was widespread dissatisfaction with the papalorganisation which, concord to Erasmus, was felt to be dominated by ignorant monks. The subsequent Reformation changed the form and understanding of religion, qualification it more than accessible to the average person by removing the intercessory functions of priests and bishops, and giving ordinary people more see over their spiritual state. This religious change also had political implications. The disestablishment of the Church created a degree of urbane unr est among Catholic and Protestant groups, as factions sprang up with each viewing the other as traitorous, either to England or to God. However, this was not the only face of the early modern era. As the beginning of the Renaissance, it was also a time of heady intoxication withlearning and uncovering. The exploits of the European sailors and the excitement over new civilisations are allegorised by Faustus discovery of magic and the power it wields.As a liturgical morality play, Everyman submits itself fully to the pre-Reformation teachings, and absorbs the conventional attitudes. It was written to come on medieval audiences to avoid material pursuits, and to ensure they involved themselves in good deeds and were prepared for Judgement. goal was a constant escort in medieval England, and could be expected at any time. As such, Everyman does not convey fear of death itself, but rather of how God will judge man after it, as the protagonist proclaims Full unready I am such reckoning to give and begs for more time in which to make his counting-bookso clear That my reckoning I should not need to fear. To achieve this salvation, Everyman is certified to reverse to the Catholic rites of confession and penance, and to scourge himself to remove his sins. As Cawley highlights in his introduction, morality plays were less interest in mans e machinationhly life than in his spiritual welfare in the life to come.Religion is as prominent in prepare Faustus, but Marlowe presents a contrasting attitude to that of Everyman. His play provides a quizzical critique of religious customs, and particularly ridicules Catholic rituals. Marlowe dresses Mephostophilis in the habit of an old Francis female genitals friar, as Faustus comments That holy shape becomes a devil best, il longingrating an air of contempt for the Catholic clergy. He further associates universality withevil and devilry as he conjures Mephostophilis by chanting in Latin, the language of the Catholic Church. This mockery of Catholicism may be testament to contemporary social attitudes rather than the personal view of Marlowe himself.In the medieval era, it was highly uncommon for anybody to speak out a establishst the Church, either through fear or because it was all they knew, but the Reformation encouraged writers to criticise the papacy and the earlier Church, often as a form of public entertainment. Writers often allied Catholic contributions with themes of idiocy or ineptitude, as Marlowe does in his portrayal of Pope Adrian as a humourless megalomaniac, voidof commonsense . Marlowe manipulated the public disdain of Catholicism to criticise established religion in general, challenging many commonly held views, especially regarding forgiveness and salvation.Everymans central theme suggests that Gods mercy always allows sinners to repent, unheeding of how much wrong they have done. This belief is illustrated when, despite Death telling Everyman to Come hence, and not tarry, Everyma n is able to go to Confession and purify himself from sin. Knowledge, Beauty, Strength, Discretion and the Five Wits are sent to accompany him to the grave, circumstances Everyman to realise Gods compassion. Good Deeds guide Everyman into the grave and beyond, providing protection and support when he needs it. In comparison, Faustus also finds that he is sent good forces to protect him from eternal damnation. Unfortunately, these forces are not strong bountiful to withstand Mephostophilis.The latters evil and cunning defeat nature itself, as he dissolves Faustus congealed blood with a chafer of unearthly fire to ensure Faustus bequeaths his soul to Lucifer. A Good Angel and a pious ancient world are also sent to rescue Faustus soul, but their efforts are overcome just as quickly, as the devils entice Faustus with hellish delights and overpower his weak soul. The Good Angel urges Faustus to leave that execrable art and make to repentance, but each time Faustus considers prayer t he Bad Angel dispirits him, dramatising the internal battles raging in spite of appearance the protagonists soul.Marlowe does not conclude that everyone can find redemption in God, as despite striving to turn to Him in his final moments, Faustus is torn apart by devils and condemned eternally. The playwright provides a cynical view ofsalvation, as the Good Angel and the Old Man fail to save Faustus, despite seemingly plotting as much as Mephostophilis to win the protagonists soul. Marlowe provides further dubious similarity between the two sides, as in their utmost(a) scene the angels appear to work almost as one, completing each others speeches and reinforcing the alike(p) message that it is overly late for Faustus to repent. The play appears to be concerned with punishment rather than deliverance and salvation, as Faustus is warned that He who loves delectation must for pleasure fall. In contrast, Everyman is forgiven for a lifetime of sin in his last few moments.Although bot h plays treat the identical ideas of religion and redemption, they portray divergent views. This may be explained by the contemporary change in religious understanding. Some scholars argued that peoples destinies were predetermined, regardless of their actions, while others claimed there was hope for everybody. As Lester notes in his introduction, medieval writers believed that because of humanitys fallen state, man relied on the grace and salvation earned by Christ and ministered by the Church. In this respect, the distinction between medieval and early modern seems to be vast. However, the fact that both plays have handled the same issues, albeit in different ways, suggests that the difference is of degree rather than demarcation.As well as the religious elements, rejuvenate Faustus incorporates Renaissance themes of discovery and knowledge, as Faustus finds a world of profit and delight, of power, of honour, of omnipotence has opened to him. Funda psychically, it is a craving for supreme knowledge that drives Faustus to necromancy, as he proclaims, A sound magician is a demi-god here tire my brains to gain a deity By integrating such humanist ideals into the play, Marlowe creates a dimensional personality for Faustus, which the audience can appreciate and respond to. They witness the development of the character, forcing them to become emotionally involved in the mental turmoil he endures, and keeping them engrossed until the very last line of the play. Professor Bradbrook suggests that gear up Faustus is in general an examination of the protagonists mental development, rather than simplythe form of Faustus fortunes. The rationale behind Faustus detailed growth is that it makes him a real person, with whose experiences the audience can sympathise.Everymans character is not developed in the way his counterparts is. He is generic and seen as part of the wider universe rather than as an individual. The dramatist has been careful to portray Everyman as re presentative of mankind rather than as a character in his own right. He is not given a personal history nor is any indication provided that might differentiate him from anybody, with the effect of making Everyman relevant to all audience members. He personifies every man and the trials of every person. His example can be applied to anybody, and everybody can see that the salvation he reaches is available to them as well. In this manner, Everyman is as accessible to the audience as Faustus is, although in different ways and with variant purposes fulfilled.There are further similarities between the medieval and early modern plays, some of which have been adopted directly from the former. The use of allegorical and highly functional characters is overriding in both plays, although it is not as common among other Renaissance texts. In Everyman, each character serves a distinct purpose, showing Everyman how he has misplaced his trust in worldly matters and must turn to Christian teachin gs for salvation. Fellowship and Kinship tempt Everyman astray by offering to distract him with feasting, drinking and women. change surface material Beauty and Knowledge cannot help him, leaving Everyman to seek out Confession, Contrition and Good Deeds. Doctor Faustus is very much in keeping with this medieval attribute.Mephostophilis is the embodiment of temptation, as he distracts Faustus from repentance whenever he feels the protagonist waver, and later admits Twas I that, when thou wert I the way to heavenled thine eye. The Good Angel and Old Man are personifications of good, devout Christians who discover to save Faustus. They too can be seen as tempters, as they try to win his soul. The two plays also share personification of the Seven Deadly Sins. Mephostophilis conjures them as a amazement for Faustus, allowing him to delight in the sins, while in Everyman the sins are allegorised in the behaviour of the protagonists dearest people and possessions, suggesting that Every man has allowed the sins to lord him.As well as thematic similarities, there are several production parallels between the medieval and early modern drama. However, these are veiled bythe immense changes that occurred on the stage in the interpose years. Before the Renaissance, plays were performed on and around large wagons, which were carted from one designated area to another(prenominal). The set was very simple for conveying purposes, but this helped make it apprehendable for the common peasants. The staging was very different for Doctor Faustus, but some of the same ideas regarding spacing and costumes were used.The pageant-wagons had to make use of limited space, and used an upper room to serve as a balcony, heaven, or a distant location. In later theatre the same concept was utilised, with a unity spot serving a multitude of functions. Costumes were also sparse, but symbolic props indicated particular roles and characters, another theatrical convention that early modern dra matists relied upon before professional actors were hired in the permanent theatres, and magnify costumes and sets were made. The new theatres allowed more believable storylines to develop as settings and characters became more realistic, allowing the fiery devils of Doctor Faustus to achieve their optimal effect.However, there is one dramatic convention that is key to Doctor Faustus, which was not common in medieval works. Faustus soliloquies provide an insight to his character that cannot be gained in morality plays, and are actually symbolic of tragedies. term Everymans genre is made clear by its fully functional characters and its reliance on the protagonists generic nature, Marlowes play balances medieval aspects with contemporary humanist elements and manages to create a new genre that combines elements of morality and tragedy, creating an increasingly real persona. Faustus is distinguished from his medieval counterpart by his illustration of the psychology and passions tha t drive him. He concedes to his hubris and allows his ambition and lust for power to destroy him, something Everyman cannot do. The tragedy element is vital to Doctor Faustus as that is what gives it the memorable depth and allows the drama to move away from being a simple morality play.In conclusion, it is evident that despite their mixture as two separate periods, the medieval and the early modern eras share many themes and issues. Their similarities are not limited to literal points, andincorporate social and customary ones. The eras do have their differences, as is illustrated by their distinction and by their changing contemporary outlooks. Marlowes handling of the plays shared subjects differs from that of Everymans, as the former had a variant cabal of social factors to draw his conclusions from. However, the time lapse between the two periods was not great enough to justify a complete overhaul of thinking and customs. As Cookson realises, the traditions of the Middle Ages still weighed heavily over the early modern writers. At the point at which Doctor Faustus was composed, the difference between medieval and early modern was still of degree rather than strict demarcation.BibliographyBradbrook,MC Themes and Conventions of Elizabethan Tragedy 2nd Edition (Newcastle Cambridge University Press, 1990)Cawley,AC (ed.) Everyman and Medieval Miracle Plays (London Everymans Library, 1967)Cookson,L Doctor Faustus (Hong Kong Longman Group UK, 1987)Davies,T Humanism (New York Routledge, 1997)Henderson,P Christopher Marlowe (London Longmans, Green Co, 1966)Lester,GA (ed.) Three Late Medieval Morality Plays (London Ernest Benn, 1981)