Research Strategy Justification Of Methodology Psychology Essay

seek Strategy Justification Of Methodology Psychology EssayThe costing chapter initi onlyy supplys a brief insight by discussing few construction into surfacees and philosophies, which were considered during the literary productions review. The second variance of the chapter alto filmherow for comp be several(predicate) look systemologies. dissimilar opinions from sources ar presented and critic whollyy comp bed to cater the reader with sound familiarity closely numerical, loco and mixed systemologies. This is followed by the justification of the cave inicularised methodology, which leave al mavin be utilise in-order to investigate the peculiar(prenominal) wooing psychoanalyse. In the middle activate of the chapter, explore strategy, explore design, the pattern size of the query, spurned methods and procedures ordain be discussed followed by the selection of specific seek method to collect selective information from the FLMs in nidus base and H R theatre director is discussed in-detail. The next interrupt of the look is to discuss how to master validity of entropy. rigourousness and reliability of selective information is in truth essential of every research. Data quiet from fourfold sources move be cross- give earenced to ensure the research is valid. At the end of the chapter limitation of the research leave be discussed followed by ethical issues, which leave behind be considered during the all-encompassing research.3.2 enquiry PhilosophiesIn the following character varied research admittancees and philosophies are discussed which were considered during the detail literature review. outgrowth of the improvement considered was the epistemological approach which is a part of philosophy that asks questions such as what shadow we know? or what domiciliate we be sure of? and questions such as How do we bring in beyond opinions and information to the real facts and knowledge?. The realistic objectivity is ground or so what is know near the HR function in the specific racing shell field of force, its strategy, formal structure and systems that charabancs put one over to endure within and what could be considered as constants. The infixed entities of the conceptual framework i.e capacity posement, mentoring, support and t to each one(prenominal) mechanism, general involvement in the insurance policy and procedures formulation and handling nasty issues link up to grievance disciplinary and sickness absenteeism policies that are not sluttish to measure and are not fixed or constant. They tail end alto repayher be fully understood th harsh interpretivist means as this part of the conceptual framework assumes that cosmos isnt al slipway unmistakable and in this warrant that is very much dependant on the kind relationships amongst HR advisors, FLMs and managed staff. Using the approach HR and devolution of persona to FLM flowerpot be implemented in the speci fic boldness reflect and diametrical s gullholders weed interpret the actual HR role and responsibilities that it contains, in different ways i.e. it is to a greater extent subjective by nature.3.3 Comparison between Qualitative, Quantitative and mixed MethodAccording to (Denzin, Norman K. Lincoln, Yvonna S. (Eds.). (2005) in social sciences numerical research is often contrasted with soft research which is the examination, analysis and interpretation of observations for the function of looking primal meats and patterns of relationships. The soft research doesnt involve mathematical models although, it has been argued again and again that the twain go hand in hand. Some writers always argue that in that location was a disagreement astir(predicate) the proper tail of qualitative versus quantifiable research. The new method of qualitative research evolved to address the perceived problems with reliability and imprecise modes of data analysis. Both the research m ethodologies puddle a different assumption slightly the world. According to (Taylor Bogdan, 1984) Quantitative research is base on a positivist philosophy, which assumes that on that point are social facts with an objective reality apart from the beliefs of individuals. Qualitative research is rooted in a phenomenological paradigm, which holds that reality is socially constructed through with(predicate) individual or collective definitions of the situation. The second resume comparison between both the approaches was d adept perfectly by (Richard Cook, 2003) where the writers explains that valued elusion portrays a world of variables and static states whereas qualitative probe describes battalion acting in events or a program. The writer gave an example of how managing director tells victimisation hiring call into questions to encourage staff to actively sell services or an informant tells about the political battles that led to the legislation governing sales. The writer farther argues that differences presented between qualitative and numerical studies having different descriptive strengths. The quantitative watch assesses the magnitude of relationships more precisely. One foundation say earlier clearly that 61% of the variance in student learning is explained. The qualitative news account statement concludes with more ambiguous statements like strong leadership is necessary, just not sufficient for excellence. The author just highlights the issues of approach regarding these research methodologies where the quantitative researcher typically usages experimental or correlational designs to reduce error, bias, and almost opposite(a) noise that keeps one from clearly perceiving social facts. The prototypical qualitative subscribe is the ethnography, which inspection and repairs the reader witness the definitions of the situation of those, studied. The author investigate the issue of purpose regarding the research methodologies w here quantitative research seeks to explain the causes of changes in social facts, in general through objective measurement and quantitative analysis. Qualitative research is more concern with catching the issue and viewpoints. (Lindlof, T. R., Taylor, B. C. 2002) emphasis that quantitative cultivation persuades by de-emphasizing individual judgment and stressing the use of established procedures. While the language of shot testing is avoided, the impression is given that the whole instruction is a make grow exploration of a pre-existing conceptual framework where is qualitative study there is slight attention is given to describing procedures and how individual judgment is make grow in the qualitative study. The study is presented as frankly exploratory. The strategy is one of comparing pairs of agencies kn accept to be different in order to discover what might explain those differences. The search is not described as strongly controlled by pre-existing theory. There is no preliminary model. Instead, reference to past tense research is incorporated into the presentation of becomeings.Quantitative research designs are characterized by the assumption that data, evidence, and rational favors shape knowledge (Horna, 1994). Qualitative research designs are those that are associated with interpretative approaches, from the informants point of view, rather than ethically measuring discrete, observable behavior (Jones, 1997). Neither quantitative, nor qualitative method, however, is superior over the different, for each has its own strengths and weaknesses, especially when considered in relation to a particular problem. (Halfpenny, 1994) however, mentions that there is some polarity between the two methods where quantitative approach is described as hard, objective and rigorous the early(a) is considered to be soft, subjective and speculative. At the kindred period, many researchers have shown that both the approaches may complement each other (Bur gess, 1984) and may be integrated in the practice of social research. complex methods research has thus come of age (Creswell, 2002). The most widely utilise term given to the concept, encompassing use of more than one method employed within one piece of research, is triangulation between methods (Creswell 2002). Whilst not rock for a hierarchy of research methods, this third way, the mixed methodology, posts even greater strengths to the researcher, and may enhance both the quality and the perception by others, of the research. The study involved both secondary as well as base research and con present-day(prenominal) triangulation approach can be adopted. It is useful as a model when a researcher uses two different methods in an attempt to confirm, cross-validate, or corroborate strikeings within a single study (Creswell, 2002). Creswell overly emphasizes that this model generally uses separate quantitative and qualitative methods as a means to offset the weaknesses inherent within one method with the strengths of the other method.3.4 Research Strategy Justification of MethodologyThe study is an swither to explore the barriers preventing successful devolution of Human imagination Management to fall outing Line Manager in specific case study (in Pakistan textile Indus endeavor). The research testament provide analogy by comparing the views and possesss of FLMs against the HR Manager to chance upon the lynchpin barrier that are preventing successful degeneration of Human Resource Management to the Front Line Manager. The study besides provides a constructive conclusion on the impact of devolved Human Resource on the FLMs and the organisation itself.The methodology, which leave alone be employed, in this research will draw the existing knowledge, utilising the conceptual model and the most essential is the researchers experience working in this textile industry will be very useful. Still there will be questions which will still indigence more de tail answers so open semi structure wonder will be used that will be directed towards the FLMs (See adjunct BI for semi-structure consultation). After the data is cool from FLMs, the semi-structure interview will be conducted (asking the same set of questions) with the HR manager to compare the views and experiences so that we can identify the tell apart barriers that are preventing successful devolution of human resources responsibilities to the FLMs (See Appendix BI).This approach will collect information qualitative in nature, rather than any numerical collection of data or exposition found on the attributes of the graph or source of data. As reinforced by (Guba, E. G., Lincoln, Y. S. 2005) Qualitative research is often used for policy and current working procedures since it can answer certain important questions more efficiently and effectively than quantitative approaches. Qualitative approaches have the advantage of allowing for more diversity in responses as well as t he capacity to lodge to new readings or issues during the research dish out itself so it would be more suitable to use in the research project to investigate the current problem. So qualitative methodology would be more suitable as reinforced by (Richard Cook, 2003) where author highlights the difference between two methodologies where the quantitative researcher typically employs experimental or correlational designs to reduce error, bias, and other noise that keeps one from clearly perceiving social facts. The prototypical qualitative study is the ethnography, which helps the reader sympathize the definitions of the situation of those, studied. The qualitative study is more concerned with the taste of the issues and viewpoints of the people and issues hitd to them.The study is based on the specific case study (in Pakistan textile Industry). According to ( black cat, 2007), case study approach will enable a holistic ac amount of the subject, which will help to investigate a nd explore relationships between the experiences of FLMs against the HR Manager. The study will try to answer the questions whether the expectation from different stakeholders was expectable and justifiable? What are issues colligate to the devolution of HR responsibilities to FLMs? Did both the main stakeholder agreed or disagreed on the key barriers to the successful devolvement of HR responsibilities to FLMs? Were key players able to range out their duties due to these barriers? What were the underlying reasons if there are any key barriers to the successful devolution of HR responsibilities.This is particularly the case for understanding how and wherefore certain outcomes were achieved (not just what was achieved) but also answering important questions about the functions and procedures of HR and their relationship with the FLMs. Also to explore the impact on FLMs existence able to take HR role effectively, and identifying the key barriers in the overall devolvement of HR. This will be achieved by use semi-structure interviews from the FLMs. These types of research can be expensive and age-consuming to conduct, many fields of research employ qualitative techniques that have been specifically developed to provide more succinct, efficient and timely outcomes. For this research, a specific case study is used which provide a single case holistic approach. The research is focused on investigating the barriers preventing successful devolvement of Human Resource Management to number one Line Manager in specific case study (in Pakistan framework Industry). The other major reason of using the specific case study is, that we can collect eightfold views from different stakeholders, which are involved in the organisation. The multiple views from different FLMs and HR manager can give a detailed insight about the organisation and allow the researcher to understand fully the issues related to the research topic.The research focus on the FLMs save not the sta ff and would like to investigate the barriers to the effective HR devolvement . One more key benefit of using the case study is that it provides easy approach to the FLMs to halt their opinion and then to broaden the knowledge after the semi-structure interviews then involve the experiences of HR manager with the semi-structure interview to understand the underlying key issues and barriers that are effecting the overall successful devolution exhibit. The main draw rearwards with a single case study is that it doesnt allow any sort of comparison or critical evaluation of responses from other research case. This can be limited if the research wants to draw conclusion from another case study.3.5 Research Strategy for the Specific Case StudyThe following section will discuss the strategy and analysis process that has been formulated and will be used in the research. The analysis process describes the canonic elements of data analysis and interpretation and its fluid. First of the re search is based on a specific case study which will provide a holistic account of the issues related. The case study approach will allow to understand the overall situation and have a sound knowledge how these entities interact with each other and their relationship. To gain detail understanding of all the issues around the devolvement of HR this can only be achieved using semi-structured interviews and qualitative questionnaires due to time constraints and the limited access time to FLMs working for the case study. The research is not looking to compare the individual FLMs against each other or compare different departments against each other. The main focus of the study is to consider FLMs as a single entity or element and identify and explore the barrier in the overall devolvement process. then HR Manager will be asked about the key barriers that are touch the devolution of HR responsibilities to FLMs. These difference of experiences and opinion will be compared and contrasted to find the problem.The good analysis of data depends completely on understanding the data that has been gathered and having in-depth knowledge about the issues related to the problem that is macrocosm investigated. During the qualitative analysis the data gathered should be studied in-detail and also any noticeable impression should be recorded which can be further investigated from different focus groups of FLMs. The focus should be on the quality of data because some clock information provided doesnt add any meaning or value. The process of detailed evaluation and analysis will lead to what you want to find out. This will identify few key questions that you want your analysis of the research to answer. This will be noted and help to decide how to begin. The key questions can change but the focus will be maintained. In this approach the focus will be to analyze how individuals or focused group responded to the open ended questions. This stage will be crucial because all the respo nses will be collected in order to identify the unity and differences. The data from each question will be put together. indeed the researcher will explore the connection and relationships between questions and their responses collected. During different research various methods are used to categorize information such as coding the data or indexing the data. To bring the real meaning to the data collected different key fields or pattern will be organized based on ideas, concepts, behaviours, interactions or key phrases. past organisation into coherent categories will be summarized and bring meaning to the text. This process can be very time consuming and labour intensive depending on the amount of data that will be collected. The process has to be thorough and the data collected will be re-read multiple times to identify the coherent categories or key themes. The key themes will get the focus of the study and areas that carry further investigation. In the research using the pre conceived themes or categories, you read through the text and find the themes or issues that recur in the data. This approach allows the categories to emerge from the data. These categories or key themes are defined after you have worked with the data or as result of working with data. The initial list of categories can change as you work with the data and investigate further. This is an iterative process and some new themes can emerge or different subcategories can emerge to get the focus.As you are organizing the data into different key themes and categories either by the questions you will begin to see the key pattern and connections both within and between the key themes. Assessing the relative importance of different themes will be crucial for the analysis of data. To identify which categories appear to be more important, you can count the number of times particular themes comes up, or the number of unique respondents who refer to certain themes. These count can provide a very rough estimation of relative importance of key themes. Also during the analysis of data you can find that two or more themes that can find together consistently in the data. When one theme is found the other appears automatically. It can be cause and effect relationship or have sequence through time. For example, respondents may link that the barriers to successful devolution to HR are because of certain reason whereas another focus group recall the same shows the cause effect relationship. These connections if identified are important to look for, because they can explain why something is happening and helps to identify the problem and rectify understanding of the underlying issues. Then the researcher should ask himself how do things relate with each other? What are the key themes and what relationship they have with each other? What can be other factors that may contribute? Then they key themes and connections will explain the findings. The researcher will avoid to get side tracked by the details and the rich description in the data and focus on the important issues and key relationships that are creation investigated in the research. The interpretation of data will take place provide meaning and significance to the analysis of data. The good place to initiate is to develop a list of key points or important findings that will be discovered as a result of categorisation of key themes and screen the data. Then the next phase of analysis of data is to stand back and presuppose about what you have learned. What are the major lessons? What new things that have been learnt due to the process? In the final part of the analysis development of an outline presenting the results and writing the final report. The report can include quotes or descriptive examples to illustrates the points and bring the data to real existence. The length and format of the report will depend on the target audience. Sometimes to support the description of the information different diagrams with boxes and arrows can fit all the pieces together. By creating models may reveal gaps in your investigation and connection that remain unclear. These areas can be investigated for further study.3.6 Selection of Research MethodsIn-order to investigate the study research methods, which will be used, are as follows forInitially semi-structured interviews with focus groups of FLMs will be conducted. The semi-structure interviews via a serial publication of three focus group (4 FLMs in each focus group. amount 12 FLMs).Each semi-structure interview with each of the focus group is designed to last for 90 minutes and will take place on 24/1/2012, 26/01/2012, 30/1/2012FLMs are selected from different departments with wide range of experiences and different level of qualifications.3 out 12 FLMs have university qualification whereas the remaining FLMs have basic college qualification.The semi-structure interview will be conducted at the premises of the Specific case study.Durin g the semi-structure interview the key areas that need further explanation will be highlighted and asked from different focus group to get their opinion. Also opinion from the HR Manager will be collected as well.The themes needing further explanation telephonic interviews and emails will be usedTo compare and contrast the view, semi-structure interview will be conducted with the HR Manager. The same set of questions related to key themes will be asked from the HR Manager to present the finding (took place 08/02/2012).The Interview with the HR Manager is designed to last not more than 2 hours.Open Ended questions will be asked at the start of the investigation phase so that participants can feel relax.Documentation related to case study HR policies and structures will be reviewed.FLM job role will be reviewed to find out what they prefer to do incompatible authors and writes agree in the literature that using semi-structure interview would allow in the future to investigate more are as as they gather probing replies. This was reinforced by (Maxwell and Farquharson, 2007) semi- structure interview offer consistency in lines of head with the ability to offer opportunities for further probing responses. The methods have been deployed in different researches and have earned credibility in different qualitative research. To ensure credibility of the research and data which is collected, is verified using different multiple methods and sources are used. These multiple methods will allow triangulating of the facts, which have been gathered. In the study the data from the previous chapter in the literature review will be compared against the focus group (FLMs) semi-structure interview data and further consolidated and checked during semi structure interview with HR managers responses. This will ensure all facts gathered are authentic and valid. In-order to receive a detail feedback from the semi-structure interviews unrestricted questions will be used rather than clo sed ended. Also using focused group will encourage all the participants to think about different emerging themes discussed and it will build on relevant themes. To follow up on different themes and issues raised during the focus group, will be investigated further with the senior HR manager. The interview will be based on issues surrounding devolved HR, and what have arisen from the interviews with FLMs.3.7 Research Design Procedures.The aim of the study is to explore the barriers preventing successful devolvement of Human Resource Management to First Line Manager in specific case study (in Pakistan Textile Industry), which shouldnt be ignored while designing the open-ended question for semi-structure interviews. The questions were considered from a range of themes relating to the conceptual model, which was formed out of literature review. The semi-structure interviews via a series of three focus group (4 FLMs in each focus group. Total 12 FLMs). These Front Line Managers comes fr om different departments from the same case study. To cushion the barrier between the researcher and the focus group, initially during the semi-structure broad questions about the specific case study HR functions, its polices and structures will be asked and what issues they think are the barrier to successful devolvement of HR responsibilities to the FLMs. These broad and generic questions will make respondents comfortable and encourage them to engage with the overall research process. After the initial engagement then the second set of questions will be more focused around specific hard and soft elements of HR. The information collected from the FLMs focus group and themes emerging will be further investigated, compared by conducting semi-structure interview with the HR manager. The interview questions from HR manager will be the same set of questions so that experiences from all stakeholders can be compared against each other. This would be a very important opportunity to fill any gaps and press the HR managers to answer all those queries in-detail.3.8 jilted ApproachesThe following section of the study will provide the reasoning and justifications why different research approaches were rejected. The section will briefly highlight the reasons of the rejection and why a specific approach was not deemed appropriate to be used in the research for the specific case study.At the initial stages of the research, all different types of research methods as identified in both Saunders (2009) and Fisher (2007) were critical evaluated and considered but they were rejected due to certain reasons. Ground system was not a viable option and it was rejected because it attempts to theorise peoples subjective understanding of their world, and researchers look for these themes in interviews and observations (Fisher, 2007). According to (Glaser Strauss, 1967 and Strauss Corbin, 1990), the theory is developed inductively from a corpus of data. According to the authors if d one well, this means that the resulting theory at least fits one dataset perfectly. It works in a reverse fashion as compared to traditional research and it appears at the start that its in contradiction to the scientific methods. Rather than begin with a hypothesis, the first step is data collection, through a variety of methods. From the data collected, the key points are marked with a series of codes, which are extracted from the text. The Ground Theory believe that academic understanding only arises from what the research itself tells us i.e. it is emerging theory and not based on theories chosen in-advance of the research established. This approach is not appropriate for the research for the specific case study as in the study there is a research question with set aim and objectives to be achieved and the approach will not be appropriate to be used. Whereas Action Research was rejected simply because of its explicit focus on actions, learning by doing things or a group of peopl e identify a problems and do something to resolve it and in particular it promotes the change process, that was not the purpose of this research.The audition research method was rejected as they are more conform towards scientific objective studies or scientific invention. The Experiment Research is a scientific approach, which manipulates one or more variables, controls and measures any change in other variables. The approach is not suitable for the current specific case study, as it doesnt have relations with the variables or scientific objective studies. Whereas panorama Research method needs a much larger sample size. Also the research would require the use of questionnaires that would be central to being deployed, neither of which were considered appropriate because the researcher didnt want those being interviewed to be awake of any detail of what they would be asked other than them knowing that the research was in relation to HR devolvement only. The main aim of the resea rch was to get the real answers and positions, which they didnt think would be possible with these approaches. The other two rejected methods Ethnography and Archival Research were deemed to be too costly and time consuming and were not considered appropriate for research within the resources available.3.9 Ensuring Validity, and ReliabilityValidity and reliability of data is very essential of any research. Data collected from multiple sources can be cross-referenced to ensure the research is valid. In the study to ensure that reliability and validity of the data collected using semi-structured interview will be further validated by structure interviews. So for this case study, the literature review has been used to highlight the major theme for open-ended questions for the qualitative semi-structure interviews. Then the outcomes from these focus group semi-structure interviews will have emerging areas and queries, which need further explanation. This can be done by designing structu re interview, which are directed towards the HR senior manager who will provide further explanation. By verifying the data collected from the research it will enable the researcher to discover whether the qualitative data collected from the focus groups is telling them what they think is correct or need further explanation.3.11 Limitation of ResearchThis study has some limitation. There is less number of respondents available for carrying out the research. The sample size of the study is small. The time is another factors which is the limitation to carry out details research.3.12 A consideration of any ethical or skipper issues raised by your proposals.In the project choosing participants with various experiences increases the possibility of shedding light on the research question from a variety of aspects. So it would be very upright to involve staff member who have more experience, which can provide insight to the problems faced by textile industry. The other major professional i ssue, which is raised due to the research project, is the aspect of interpretation of text, which will be gathered during the interview process. According to (Patton, 1990) the text can involve multiple meanings and the researchers interpretation is influenced by his or her personal history. Since the researcher is often the one who collects the data as well as the one who performs the analysis, the question of the researchers qualifications, grooming and experiences is important. During the research perform a balancing act with interpretation of data. On one hand, it is impossible and undesirable for the researcher not to add a particular perspective to the phenomena under study. On the other hand, the researcher must(prenominal) let the text talk and not impute meaning that is not there. These issues will be considered while carrying out the research process.3.13 SUMMARYThis chapter presents a helicopter view of the research methodology used for the completion of this study. The chapter further elaborates research approach and strategy undertaken for the completion of this project. The study also highlights different data collection method used for the conduction of the research. Further more, this section also describes the analysis methodology for descriptive and qualitative research technique. Finally, the chapter also describes the limitations of the research.The next chapter will be Presentation analysis, which will present the finding of the research. Different questions will be asked in-order to investigate the problem further and the chapter will give insight to the problems and challenges faced by the industry.